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1.
J Postgrad Med ; 2002 Jul-Sep; 48(3): 186-89; discussion 189-90
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-117189

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mammalian spermatozoa are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are very susceptible to attack by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane lipid peroxide ion. Normally a balance is maintained between the amount of ROS produced and that scavenged. Cellular damage arises when this equilibrium is disturbed. A shift in the levels of ROS towards pro-oxidants in semen and vaginal secretions can induce an oxidative stress on spermatozoa. The aim was to study lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and to correlate the same, with the 'water test', in male infertility. SETTINGS: Experimental study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ejaculates from a total of 83 infertile and fertile healthy individuals were obtained. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels were studied and correlated with water test. RESULTS: The results indicate that (i) the antioxidant enzyme catalase showed no significant changes in the various pathological samples, (ii) antioxidant enzymes SOD and glutathione peroxidase correlate positively with asthenozoospermic samples and (iii) the degree of lipid peroxidation also correlates positively with the poorly swollen sperm tails. The increase in SOD and glutathione peroxidase values, in the pathological cases represents an attempt made to overcome the reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION: Water test could be used as a preliminary marker test for sperm tail damage by reactive oxygen species, since it correlates very well with lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes.


Sujet(s)
Adulte , Antioxydants/analyse , Études cas-témoins , Catalase/métabolisme , Glutathione peroxidase/métabolisme , Humains , Infertilité masculine/diagnostic , Peroxydation lipidique , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Probabilité , Valeurs de référence , Études par échantillonnage , Sensibilité et spécificité , Capacitation des spermatozoïdes/physiologie , Mobilité des spermatozoïdes/physiologie , Spermatozoïdes/enzymologie , Superoxide dismutase/métabolisme
2.
J Postgrad Med ; 2000 Jan-Mar; 46(1): 23-5
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-115643

RÉSUMÉ

AIMS: Evaluation of dilatation as a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of ureteric strictures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated this technique in 16 patients with ureteric and secondary pelviureteric junction strictures from June 1998. Of these, 7 were men and 9 were women. The age range was from 14 to 40 years. RESULTS: Balloon dilatation was successful in 69% of patients. Strictures secondary to previous surgery had nearly 100% success. Of the 8 cases diagnosed as genitourinary tuberculosis, success rate was 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Factors affecting success of balloon dilatation are: a) age of the stricture b) length of the stricture and c) etiology of the stricture. In a select group of patients with fresh post-operative or post-inflammatory strictures, balloon dilatation may be an attractive alternative to surgery.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Résultat thérapeutique , Obstruction urétérale/étiologie
3.
J Postgrad Med ; 1999 Oct-Dec; 45(4): 125
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-116810

RÉSUMÉ

Xanthogranulomatous and emphysematous pyelonephritis are two rare variants of pyelonephritis. Their combined occurrence is a very rare condition, which has been documented in our case.


Sujet(s)
Sujet âgé , Femelle , Humains , Pyélonéphrite/complications , Pyélonéphrite xanthogranulomateuse/complications
4.
J Postgrad Med ; 1999 Jul-Sep; 45(3): 69-73
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-115607

RÉSUMÉ

OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of Martius' labial fat pad interposition and its modification using skin island in the repair of giant and recurrent vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal fistulae. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients of urethrovaginal and vesicovaginal fistulae underwent Martius' labial fat pad interposition and its skin island modification during 1996 to 1999. Ten of these were recurrent (66%) and five were giant fistulae (34%) i.e. more than five cms. RESULTS: Results were very gratifying with a successful repair in 14 patients (93%). Two patients had transient, low-grade stress incontinence, which did not need any additional procedure. In one patient, there was failure of repair, which was later successfully repaired using fat pad from opposite labia. CONCLUSION: Martius' fat pad interposition provides vascularity and surface for epithelialisation and also prevents overlapping of vesical/urethral and vaginal suture lines. Martius' repair has good results with low morbidity in the treatment of giant and recurrent urethrovaginal and vesicovaginal fistulae.


Sujet(s)
Femelle , Humains , Récidive , Lambeaux chirurgicaux , Maladies de l'urètre/chirurgie , Fistule urinaire/chirurgie , Fistule vésicovaginale/chirurgie
5.
J Postgrad Med ; 1997 Jul-Sep; 43(3): 64-7
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-117257

RÉSUMÉ

A prospective placebo controlled double blind study was conducted in patients attending male infertility clinics of our hospital to evaluate effects of a herbal formulation for male infertility--'Y-virilin'. In phase 1 forty patients with oligospermia with or without asthenospermia were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups--Treatment Group A i.e. formulation under test and treatment Group B (Placebo). Therapy with these agents was given twice a day for 6 months. In phase 2, 12 patients with azospermia were administered either 'Y virilin' or the placebo (n = 6/Gp). In all patients along with semen analysis (sperm count, percentage of motile sperms and grade of motility) was done monthly for 6 months. Serum FSH levels were estimated before and at the end of therapy. A significant increase in sperm count was observed from 2-3 months in oligospermics receiving Y virilin as compared to basal values (p < 0.05). In Group B the follow-up sperm counts were either comparable to basal values or were lesser. However, the percentage and grade of motility did not differ in two groups at the end of respective treatment. No change was found in mean FSH value. During the therapy period incidence of conception was 20% in treatment Group A and 5% in Group B. Of the azospermic receiving 'Y-virilin' 50% showed a count of 10-20 millions/cmm while none from the placebo group. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of the tested formulation in the patients with infertility.


Sujet(s)
Méthode en double aveugle , Hormone folliculostimulante/sang , Humains , Mâle , Oligospermie/sang , Phytothérapie , Études prospectives , Numération des spermatozoïdes/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques
6.
J Postgrad Med ; 1995 Oct-Dec; 41(4): 99-101
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-116094

RÉSUMÉ

In this study medical treatment with alpha blocker-prazosin is compared with transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in 62 patients suffering from benign enlargement of prostate with a gland size of less than 20 gms. After thorough interrogation patients were offered either TURP or prazosin therapy. Symptom scoring, residual volume of urine and urinary flow rates were estimated in both the groups before and 3 months after the therapy. 23.5% patients in prazosin group while 90% of patients in TURP group had significant improvement. This distinctly brings out the superiority of TURP for benign enlargement of prostate.


Sujet(s)
Antagonistes alpha-adrénergiques/usage thérapeutique , Humains , Mâle , Prazosine/usage thérapeutique , Hyperplasie de la prostate/traitement médicamenteux , Résection transuréthrale de prostate , Résultat thérapeutique , Miction/physiologie
7.
J Postgrad Med ; 1995 Apr-Jun; 41(2): 46-7
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-115240

RÉSUMÉ

A 14 year old boy with a relatively uncommon anterior urethral valve is described herein.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Diverticule/étiologie , Humains , Mâle , Pyurie/diagnostic , Résultat thérapeutique , Urètre/malformations , Obstruction urétrale/étiologie , Urodynamique , Procédures de chirurgie urologique/méthodes
8.
Indian J Pediatr ; 1991 Jul-Aug; 58(4): 543-9
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-81935

RÉSUMÉ

Of 1,211 patients with urolithiasis treated at this institution over a nine years period, there were 77 (6.4%) pediatric cases. The commonest age group was 6-10 years (55.8%). Male:female ratio was 7.6:1. Hindus constituted 72.7% of the patients. There was no significant seasonal variation. The commonest site was urinary bladder (67.5%). The upper: lower urinary tract stone ratio was 1:2.85. Majority belonged to the lower-middle or poor income groups having a cereal based diet with minimal or poor protein intake. The common constituents of stones were calcium (98.7%), oxalate (87%), phosphate (84.4%) and uric acid (76.6%). Of all these, uric acid had the richest concentration (grade of ++ or more) in 93.2%. Only 4 stones (5.2%) were "pure": calcium oxalate--3 and calcium phosphate--1; whereas 73 (94.8%) were mixed stones. Of these, 9 (11.7%) were "predominant" mixed stones, with only one constituent having rich concentration (grade of ++ or more) and all others being either trace or +. The rest 64 (83.1%) were "heterogenous" mixed stones having rich concentration of more than one constituent.


Sujet(s)
Enfant , Pays en voie de développement , Femelle , Humains , Inde/épidémiologie , Mâle , Facteurs socioéconomiques , Calculs urinaires/épidémiologie
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