Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Molecular hydrogen, as a novel antioxidant, has been proven effective in treating many diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline in treatment of a rat model of diabetes mellitus and a rat model of insulin resistant.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat diabetes mellitus model was established by feeding a high fat/high carbohydrate diet followed by injection of a small dose of streptozotocin, and an insulin resistant model was induced with a high glucose and high fat diet. Hydrogen saturated saline was administered to rats with both models conditions on a daily basis for eight weeks. A pioglitazone-treated group and normal saline-treated group served as positive and negative controls. The general condition, body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, and serum insulin levels of rats were examined at the 8th week after treatment. The oxidative stress indices, including serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated after eight weeks of treatment using the commercial kits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hydrogen saturated saline showed great efficiency in improving the insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose and lipids. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline were superior to those of pioglitazone. Hydrogen saturated saline markedly attenuated the MDA level and elevated the levels of antioxidants SOD and GSH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hydrogen saturated saline may improve the insulin resistance and alleviate the symptoms of diabetes mellitus by reducing the oxidative stress and enhancing the anti-oxidant system.</p>

Therapeutic effects of radioisotope labeled Ku70 antisense oligodeoxynuclecotide on thyroid carcinoma implanted in nude mice / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of radioisotope labeled Ku70 antisense oligodeoxynuclecotide (ASODNs) on thyroid carcinoma implanted in nude mice and the related mechanism. Methods: The Ku70 ASODNs labeled with 131I was used to treat the tumor-bearing mouse model derived from thyroid carcinoma TT cells. The tumor-forming rate, mortality rate and tumor growth were observed and calculated after treatment with 131I-ASODNs, 131I-Na, ASODNs or NS (normal saline). Annexin V/PI assay was used to examine the apoptosis of tumor cells by flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis was performed to determine the protein expressions of Ku70, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, a cell proliferation marker) and Bcl-2(a cell apoptosis marker). Results: After treatment with 131I-ASODNs, the Ku70 protein level was down-regulated in the tumor tissues and the growth of tumor was inhibited. The tumor volume, tumor-forming rate and mortality rate were significantly decreased in 131I-ASODNs group than in the NS control group (P<0.01). The tumor volume of 131I-ASODNs group was also significantly smaller than that in the 131I-Na group (P<0.05); the apoptosis rate of 131I- ASODNs group (35.6%) was significantly higher than that of the ASODNs group (10.4%), NS group (9.2%) and 131I-Na group (26.6%) (P<0.05). Further investigation found that PCNA and Bcl-2 protein levels in 131I-ASODNs group were lower than those in NS and ASODNs groups. Conclusion: The Ku70 131I-ASODNs can effectively inhibit the growth of thyroid carcinoma and promote apoptosis of TT tumor cells, which might be related to the down-regulation of Ku70 and the changes of PCNA and Bcl-2 signal pathway.

Exenatide inhibits JAK1/STAT1 expression and B cell apoptosis in insulin resistant rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the effects of Exenatide on JAK1/STAT1 expression in the islet tissues and apoptosis of pancreatic B-cell in type 2 diabetic rat model with insulin resistance. Methods Insulin resistant type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by combined treatment with high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin. The model rats were treated with Exenatide (Ex), metformin (Met) or normal saline (NS); the serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAu), fasting insulin (FINS), and fasting plasma glucose (FBG) were observed and the insulin sensitivity index was calculated to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Exenatide on insulin resistance. Western blotting analysis was performed to detect the protein expression of JAK1/STAT1 in the islet tissues. Annexin/PI staining assay was used to evaluate B-cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Results Ex group showed a significantly elevated ISI and a reduced HbA1c level compared with NS group (P<0.05). JAK1/STAT1 expression , and H 2O2-induced B-cell apoptosis rate were significantly lower in Ex group than in Met and NS groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion Exenatide can improve insulin sensitivity and inhibit B-cell apoptosis, probably by regulating the expression of JAK1/STAT1.

Effect of compound Danshen Dripping Pill on carotid arterial intima-media in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of compound Danshen Dripping Pill (DSP) on carotid arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty T2DM patients were assigned to four groups, 32 in the Group A, the control group treated with blood glucose (BG) and blood pressure (BP) controlling; 32 in the Group B, with BG, BP and blood lipid (BL) controlling, 32 in Group C with BG, BP, BL controlling and vitamin E administration, and 34 in Group D with BG, BP, BL controlling and DSP administration. Patients in Group D were subdivided by Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation into four types, 8 of Yin-deficiency with flourishing heat type (YDFH), 5 of both qi-yin deficient type (BQYD), 8 of both yin-yang deficient type (BYYD) and 13 of blood-stasis and qi-stagnant type (BSQS). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), BP and BL in patients were observed periodically, and IMT in them were measured by ultrasonography before treatment, as well as at the end of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year of treatment to dynamically observe the changes of IMT and condition of plaque formation, and analyze the relation between them with FBG, BP and BL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 5-year follow-up was performed in 105 patients. In the observation period, level of total cholesterol (TC) showed a decreasing trend and level of high density cholesterol (HDL-C) showed an increasing trend in all the 4 groups, the improvements in Group C and D were slightly better than those in Group B, while significantly superior to those in Group A; the changes of FBG and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) were insignificant in the 4 groups. IMT and numbers of atheroma plaque increased gradually in all groups in the observation period, however, the changes in Group D were lesser than those in other groups, showing significant difference (P < 0.01). It was showed that the increasing of cervical carotid IMT in T2DM patients was correlated with levels of HbAlc, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride and TC, especially in Group D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DSP might delay the occurrence and development of diabetic macro-vascular disease.</p>