Neural Mechanism Underlying Task-Specific Enhancement of Motor Learning by Concurrent Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / 神经科学通报·英文版

The optimal protocol for neuromodulation by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains unclear. Using the rotarod paradigm, we found that mouse motor learning was enhanced by anodal tDCS (3.2 mA/cm2) during but not before or after the performance of a task. Dual-task experiments showed that motor learning enhancement was specific to the task accompanied by anodal tDCS. Studies using a mouse model of stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion showed that concurrent anodal tDCS restored motor learning capability in a task-specific manner. Transcranial in vivo Ca2+ imaging further showed that anodal tDCS elevated and cathodal tDCS suppressed neuronal activity in the primary motor cortex (M1). Anodal tDCS specifically promoted the activity of task-related M1 neurons during task performance, suggesting that elevated Hebbian synaptic potentiation in task-activated circuits accounts for the motor learning enhancement. Thus, application of tDCS concurrent with the targeted behavioral dysfunction could be an effective approach to treating brain disorders.

Breeding and Fermentation Medium Optimization of Cold-active Cellulase Strain CNY086(Ⅰ) / 微生物学通报

21 cold-active strains which produced cold-active cellulase were isolated from Bohai Bay. One of the strains CNY01 was a kind of Trichoderma viride and its cellulase activity was 67.30 U/mL. Through UV and DES mutation, the strain CNY086 was bred and its cellulase activity was 92.17 U/mL. The strain CNY086 had stable ability to produce cellulase. Through orthogonal experiment, the optimal condition of the fermentation medium had been tested. The suitable medium was that straw power 1.20%, bran 0.70%, (NH4)2SO4 0.50%, KH2PO4 0.55%, in this condition the cellulase activity came to 108.55 U/mL.

The Optimal Fermentation Conditions of Cold-active Cellulase Strain CNY086(Ⅱ) / 微生物学通报

Based on the research of text (Ⅰ) which determined the fermentation medium, the fermentation condition of CNY086 including temperature, volume, inoculum and inoculum age had been studied by single factor and orthogonal experiment. The optimum temperature, liquid volume, inoculum and seed age were 15?C, 250 mL/500 mL, 15%, 10 h. Under the conditions above mentioned, enzyme activity reached 104.36 U/mL in 5 L fermentor.

Establishment and Implementation of the Evaluation System in Microbiology Experimental Education / 微生物学通报

"Three-multi" overall evaluation system on the teaching effect of Microbiology experiment,which consisted of multi-aspect,multi-angle and multi-level,was discussed in this paper. The evaluation system showed a remarkable effect in stimulating the leaning interests of students especially.

STUDY ON FERMENTATION CONDITIONS OF A 1.3-PD HIGH-PRODUCTION STRAIN FROM E. AEROGENES / 微生物学通报

The fermentation conditions of high 1.3 -propanediol-producing strain E. aero-N-56 were determined in this Paper. The optimum conditions of producing 1.3-PD were: initial pH 7.0, temperature 30℃, culture time 48 h, inoculum size 9% . Under the optimum conditions: the 1.3-PD productivity reached up to 23.68 g/L?d; the 1,3-PD yield of E. aero-N-56 up to 47.36 g/L in 30 L fermentor.