Résumé
ObjectiveBased on the inhibitory activity of phosphodiesterase （PDE）， a method for determining the anti-inflammatory activity of Qingjin Huatantang was established to supplement and improve the quality control system of this famous classical formula. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to determine the activity of PDE， and the dose-effect relationship of inhibiting PDE activity of Qingjin Huatantang was investigated. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution （5∶95）， and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. By measuring the PDE inhibition rate of multiple batches of Qingjin Huatantang water extract lyophilized powder， biological activity was marked with the activity of the neutralizing enzyme in the international unit U. ResultWhen the concentration of reaction substrate （cyclic adenosine monophosphate） was 50 μmol·L-1 and the reaction time was 60 min， the enzymatic reaction was stable with 4 U·mL-1 of PDE. In this reaction system， when the concentration of Qingjin Huatantang water extract lyophilized powder was 0.11-3.0 g·L-1， the inhibitory effect of PDE showed a concentration-dependent relationship. It was determined that the concentration of Qingjin Huatantang water extract lyophilized powder to be tested was 1 g·L-1， which showed a significant and stable inhibitory effect on PDE， and the inhibitory rate was >45%， that is， 1 mg of Qingjin Huatantang water extract lyophilized powder could neutralize the activity of 1.8 U PDE at least. ConclusionThis study establishes a biological activity evaluation method of Qingjin Huatantang based on the inhibitory activity of PDE， and the anti-inflammatory activity of Qingjin Huatantang is characterized by international unit U of PDE activity， which can provide a new method for the determination of biological activity of traditional Chinese medicine compounds.
Résumé
Objective To evaluate the attitudes of clinical nurses toward caring for the dying patients, and possible influencing factors concerning the attitudes were investigated, so as to provide a scientific basis for further intervention, thus improving the positive attitudes toward care of the dying patients in the future research. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 770 nurses from 15 hospitals located in 5 provinces in China. A demographic survey, Chinese version of Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B (FATCOD-B-C) and Chinese version Death Attitude Profile-Revised were employed in the survey. Results FATCOD-B-C scale was used to evaluate the attitudes of nurses toward caring for dying patients, with the mean score of all FATCOD-B-C item being 95.62 ± 7.45. To analyze relationship among demographic variables and the total score of FATCOD-B-C. Univariate analysis revealed that age group (F=2.285), years employed as a nurse (F=3.353), educational background (F=5.581), technical title (F=5.692), level of hospital (t=2.058), religious beliefs (t=-2.788), previous education on death and dying(F=9.743), previous experience in dealing with terminally ill persons (t=2.761) had significant influence on the nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients and families(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients had been affected by those factors, among which the most influential factor was educational background. Conclusions It shows that nurses'FATCOD-B-C scores are at a low level. It is suggested to improve nurses' positive attitudes of caring for dying patients and their families by making the specific methods based on the influencing factors, thus improving the development of palliative care.