Status of knowledge and behavior of drug use among residents in 5 provinces in China in 2011 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the status of knowledge and behavior of drug use among urban and rural residents in 5 provinces in China to suggest priority intervention strategies and measures for drug use health education.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March to May of 2011, 6159 urban and rural residents were selected from Beijing, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Shaanxi provinces by the multistage stratified sampling method and were investigated by the questionnaires on drug use knowledge and behavior.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The residents' average awareness rate for 11 pieces of basic drug use information was 48.3% (32,750/67,749). The residents' average awareness rate in the rural (40.3%, 9189/22 792) was lower than that in metropolitan (51.9%, 11 483/22 110) and small and middle-sized cities (52.9%, 12,078/22,847) and the differences had statistical significance (χ2=889.30, P<0.01). Overall, 77.0% (4742/6159) of residents purchased drug according to the doctors' prescription; 36.9% (2271/6159) of residents bought by their experiences; 33.3% (2049/6159) of residents did not know whether they had bought faked drugs; 32.7% (2016/6159) of residents did not read instructions carefully before using drug; 83.4% (5134/6159) of residents stored drugs in their house and only 29.2% (1798/6159) of residents would check up expired drugs regularly; 59.6% (3673/6159) of residents changed drug by themselves after suspected adverse reaction of drugs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese urban and rural residents' knowledge level of drug use is inadequate and drug use behaviors are not optimistic. Drug use health education should be enhanced among urban and rural residents.</p>

A new modification of transanal Swenson pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung's disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The one-stage pull-through procedures for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) have become popular because it is well accepted by surgeons and mothers with no visible scar and a short hospital stay. It represents the latest development in the concept of a minimally invasive surgery for HD. We introduce a new method of transanal one-stage pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease, different from the transanal Soave procedure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-four patients aged 9 days to 5 years underwent a transanal one-stage pull-through procedure. The diagnosis was definite by barium enema or rectal biopsies preoperatively. The patients were anesthetized and placed in the lithotomy position. A urinary catheter was optional. Giving anorectal dilatations for half a minute, a pull-through of the rectum above the peritoneal reflection and into the intussusception was performed. Fine silk suturing was performed circumferentially at the level of that point which was used for traction for the distal end. Another circumferential suture was performed parallel 0.5 cm distance above the original one and used for traction for the proximal intestines. The full-thickness rectal wall was truncated between the above two circumferential sutures with cautery. The proximal intestines were pulled down and the mesenteric vessels were dissected with ligation until normal intestines were accessed; the presence of ganglion cells was determined by intraoperative rapid frozen section. The distal end was dissected anteriorly 2.5- 3.5 cm above the dentate line. The posterior rectal wall was split longitudinally and dissected to a point 0.5- 1.0 cm above the dentate line. The segment of the lesion was resected. The length of bowel resected ranged from 12 to 50 cm (median 16.5 cm). An oblique anastomosis was made.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operating time was 70 minutes. Postoperative rectal dilation was not required. The patient tolerated feeding on the first postoperative day. Eighty-eight patients were followed-up. All these patients had 2- 3 bowel movements per day at postoperative month 1. They were discharged within 4.5 days after the operation. Six patients presented with complications. All recovered by reoperation or conservative treatments.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The modification of the transanal Swenson pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung's Disease is an easy adaptation to a well-established technique and has a reasonable result.</p>

Rapid tooth movement through distraction osteogenesis of the periodontal ligament in dogs / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Animal models are needed for the study of rapid tooth movement into the extraction socket through distraction osteogenesis of the periodontal ligament.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Modified distraction devices were placed on eight dogs between the first and third mandibular premolars on the left sides; similar placement of traditional straight wise appliances on the right sides served as the control. The experimental distractors were activated (0.25 mm/d) twice a day and the control devices were activated (100 g) for two weeks with consolidation periods at weeks two, three, six, and ten. Two dogs were sacrificed at each consolidation time point; rates and patterns of tooth movement, loss of anchorage, and periapical films were evaluated, and the affected premolars and surrounding periodontal tissues were decalcified and examined histologically. General observations, X-ray periapical filming and histology examination were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Distal movement ((3.66+/-0.14) mm) measured two weeks after modified distraction exceeded that achieved using the traditional device ((1.15+/-0.21) mm; P<0.05). Loss of anchorage was minimally averaged (0.34+/-0.06) mm and (0.32+/-0.07) mm in the experimental and control sides, respectively. By radiography, apical and lateral surface root resorptions on both sides were minimal. Alveolar bone lesions were never evident. Fibroblasts were enriched in periodontal ligaments and bone spicules formed actively along directions of distraction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The canine model is suitable for the study of rapid tooth movement through distraction osteogenesis of the periodontal ligament. The technique accelerates tooth movement, periodontal remodeling, alveolar bone absorption, and may induce fibroblast formation, as compared to the traditional orthodontic method, without adversely affecting root absorption, bone loss, tooth mobility and anchorage loss.</p>

MDR-reversing effect of short peptide binding specifically to multidrug-resistant gastric cancer cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the binding effect of the short peptide SY1 to the multidrug-resistant gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/VCR cells and its reversing effect on those cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cultured cells were divided into two groups named SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR. The SGC7901/VCR group was co-cultured with vincristine (VCR). SY1 was obtained from cyclic 7-mer peptide library by differential screening. Immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the capacity of SY1-containing positive phage specifically binding to SGC7901/VCR cells, compared with that of the negative phage and unrelated phage. MTT assay in vitro was performed to analyze the alteration of drug resistance of SGC7901/ VCR cells, using the positive phages and the chemically synthesized SY1 peptide. Flow cytometry assay was performed to detect the accumulation and retention of adriamycin (ADM) in the SGC7901/VCR cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the SY1-containing positive phages could bind to the SGC7901/VCR cell surface but not to its parent cell line SGC7901 cells. The unrelated phage and negative phage did not bind to SGC7901/VCR cells. These results indicated that SY1 could specifically bind to SGC7901/VCR cells. MTT assay in vitro showed that the survival rate of SGC7901/VCR cells was reduced considerably by the positive phages and the chemically synthesized SY1 peptide (P <0. 05), indicating that SY1 enhanced the sensitivity of SGC7901/VCR cells to chemotherapeutic drug VCR. Flow-cytometric detection showed that SY1 enhanced the accumulation of ADM in the SGC7901/VCR cells, compared with that of the negative phages and the unrelated phages (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SY1 not only is able to bind to SGC7901/VCR cells specifically, but also can partly reverse the resistance of SGC7901/VCR cell line to chemotherapeutic drug VCR. Those findings might be important to open a new approach to reverse the gastric cancer MDR.</p>

Discuss on the Right of Enthanasia / 中国医学伦理学

As a cross-disciplinary theory,euthanansia concerns the right of life and the dignity of death. In terms of law principles, according to the independent principle of life, the patient who is in extreme pain with an incurable disease should have the right of self-determination of euthanasia in order to safeguard his legitimate rights and dignity of death.