Relationship Between Maternal Negative Emotions and Feeding Patterns of Infants Aged 0-6 Months in Remote Rural Areas of Sichuan Province / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the status of exclusive breastfeeding and bottle feeding in remote rural areas of Sichuan province and explore the relationship between negative emotions of mothers and feeding patterns of infants.Methods Multistage cluster sampling was employed to select the infants aged 0-6 months and their mothers in remote rural areas of Sichuan province.A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the demographic characteristics of mothers and infants and the basic family information.The Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress scale was used to evaluate mothers' negative emotions,and the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy scale to assess the confidence level of mothers' behavior of adhering to exclusive breastfeeding.Results Totally 723 pairs of infants and their mothers were included.The exclusive breastfeeding and bottle feeding rates were 34.16% (247/723) and 57.54% (416/723),respectively.Mothers with depression tendency were less likely to adopt exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.532,95%CI=0.291-0.974,P=0.041) and more likely to adopt bottle feeding (OR=1.877,95%CI=1.054-3.344,P=0.033).Further subgroup analysis of breastfeeding self-efficacy showed that in the group of low self-efficacy,the mothers with depression tendency were less likely to adopt exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.461,95%CI=0.236-0.902,P=0.024) and more likely to adopt bottle feeding (OR=1.968,95%CI=1.047-3.701,P=0.036) than the mothers without depression tendency.In the group of high self-efficacy,mothers' depression,anxiety,and stress tendency had no significant correlation with infant feeding patterns (all P>0.05).Conclusions The mothers in the remote rural areas of Sichuan province are more likely to employ bottle feeding than exclusive breastfeeding.The mothers with stronger depression tendency demonstrate lower possibility of exclusive breastfeeding and higher possibility of bottle feeding.Breastfeeding self-efficacy may affect the association between maternal depression and infant feeding patterns.

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Delay in Seeking Medical Treatment Among Residents in Rural Areas of Sichuan Province / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To understand the current situation and explore the influencing factors of delay in seeking medical treatment for common symptoms of residents in the rural areas of Sichuan province. Methods In July 2019,multi-stage random sampling was carried out in Zigong city,Sichuan province,and the data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire interview.The residents who had lived at hometown for more than half a year in the past year and had seen a doctor in the most recent month were surveyed.Logistic regression was adopted to predict the influencing factors of delay in seeking medical treatment. Results A total of 342 subjects were enrolled,and the incidence of delay in seeking medical treatment was 13.45%(46/342).Compared with the young and middle-aged(<65 years)people,the elderly(≥65 years)people were more likely to have delay in seeking medical treatment (OR=2.187,95%CI=1.074-4.457,P=0.031).The rural residents who gave higher score of the overall quality of township health centers were less likely to have delay in seeking medical treatment (OR=0.854,95%CI=0.735-0.992,P=0.039). Conclusions The occurrence of delay in seeking medical treatment for common symptoms of rural residents in Sichuan province is low.Age and the overall quality evaluation of township health centers affect the occurrence of delay in medical treatment among the rural residents in Sichuan province.Efforts should be made to improve the awareness of disease prevention among the elderly in rural areas.The investment in health resources in township health centers should be increased to strengthen the introduction and training of talents.These measures can improve the health services in township health centers,guide residents to make timely use of health resources,and reduce the occurrence of delay in seeking medical treatment.

Evaluation of bone marrow transformation in hip of non-professional marathoners by MRI / 中华放射学杂志

Objective@#To observe the bone marrow signals of acetabulum and proximal femur of asymptomatic non-professional marathoners by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1WI, and evaluate the bone marrow transformation, so as to obtain the effect of Marathon exercise on bone marrow composition and function.@*Methods@#The study group was randomly selected to participate in and complete the whole marathon at least once a year in the past two years. The training mileage of long-distance running was not less than 1 600 kilometers per year. There were no symptoms such as hip pain. There were no abnormalities in hip joint physical examination. The age of 22-53 years old. A total of 31 and 62 hips were evaluated. The control group was randomly selected 29 healthy persons (58 hip joints), aged 23-53 years, without hip pain and regular exercise. All subjects underwent hip joint MRI scan, and the hip joint MRI showed normal. At least 12 hours before MR scan, he did not engage in long-distance running or other sports. The bone marrow signal intensity of acetabulum and proximal femur in T1WI was compared with that of surrounding muscles and fat. The signal intensity was graded from low to high and evaluated by grade. The research group was divided into two groups according to the training years of marathon (running age). The running age of group A was more than 4 years and group B was less than 4 years. The distribution of bone marrow signal in proximal femur was also evaluated by a more intuitive 3-4 classification method. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#Bone marrow signal grading evaluation showed that there were significant differences in bone marrow signal grade distribution between the two groups (Z=-6.828, -4.779, -3.046, -5.266, -3.490, - 5.053, P<0.05). In the study group, there were 14, 28 hips and 168 parts in group A, 17, 34 hips and 204 parts in group B, bone marrow signals were graded. There were significant differences in acetabulum, femoral neck and upper femoral shaft bone (Z=-2.202, -2.214, -2.730, P<0.05), but no significant differences in femoral head, trochanter and trochanter bone (Z=-0.886, -1.642, -0.711, P>0.05). To evaluate the classification of bone marrow signals in proximal femur, 62 cases of bone marrow signals in the study group were classified as follows: 10 cases with type 1a, 24 cases with type 1b, 17 cases with type 2 and 11 cases with type 3. In the control group, 58 cases of bone marrow signals in proximal femur were classified as follows: 2 cases with type 1a, 13 cases with type 1b, 26 cases with type 2 and 17 cases with type 3. There were significant differences between the two groups (Z=-4.003, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The T1WI signal intensity of asymptomatic non-professional marathoners′ acetabulum and proximal femur bone marrow is lower than that of non-marathoners; the T1WI signal intensity of acetabulum, femoral neck and upper femoral shaft bone marrow of the elderly runners is lower; that is, marathon exercise has certain influence on the bone marrow signal of acetabulum and proximal femur, that is, the change of bone marrow signal in weight-bearing area has a certain phase with the amount of exercise.

Evaluation of bone marrow transformation in hip of non?professional marathoners by MRI / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To observe the bone marrow signals of acetabulum and proximal femur of asymptomatic non?professional marathoners by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1WI, and evaluate the bone marrow transformation, so as to obtain the effect of Marathon exercise on bone marrow composition and function. Methods The study group was randomly selected to participate in and complete the whole marathon at least once a year in the past two years. The training mileage of long?distance running was not less than 1 600 kilometers per year. There were no symptoms such as hip pain. There were no abnormalities in hip joint physical examination. The age of 22?53 years old. A total of 31 and 62 hips were evaluated. The control group was randomly selected 29 healthy persons (58 hip joints), aged 23?53 years, without hip pain and regular exercise. All subjects underwent hip joint MRI scan, and the hip joint MRI showed normal. At least 12 hours before MR scan, he did not engage in long?distance running or other sports. The bone marrow signal intensity of acetabulum and proximal femur in T1WI was compared with that of surrounding muscles and fat. The signal intensity was graded from low to high and evaluated by grade. The research group was divided into two groups according to the training years of marathon (running age). The running age of group A was more than 4 years and group B was less than 4 years. The distribution of bone marrow signal in proximal femur was also evaluated by a more intuitive 3?4 classification method. Mann?Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results Bone marrow signal grading evaluation showed that there were significant differences in bone marrow signal grade distribution between the two groups (Z=-6.828, -4.779, -3.046,-5.266,-3.490,-5.053, P<0.05). In the study group, there were 14, 28 hips and 168 parts in group A, 17, 34 hips and 204 parts in group B, bone marrow signals were graded. There were significant differences in acetabulum, femoral neck and upper femoral shaft bone (Z=-2.202, -2.214, -2.730, P<0.05), but no significant differences in femoral head, trochanter and trochanter bone (Z=-0.886,-1.642,-0.711, P>0.05). To evaluate the classification of bone marrow signals in proximal femur, 62 cases of bone marrow signals in the study group were classified as follows: 10 cases with type 1a, 24 cases with type 1b, 17 cases with type 2 and 11 cases with type 3. In the control group, 58 cases of bone marrow signals in proximal femur were classified as follows: 2 cases with type 1a, 13 cases with type 1b, 26 cases with type 2 and 17 cases with type 3. There were significant differences between the two groups (Z=-4.003, P<0.05). Conclusion The T1WI signal intensity of asymptomatic non?professional marathoners′acetabulum and proximal femur bone marrow is lower than that of non?marathoners; the T1WI signal intensity of acetabulum, femoral neck and upper femoral shaft bone marrow of the elderly runners is lower; that is, marathon exercise has certain influence on the bone marrow signal of acetabulum and proximal femur, that is, the change of bone marrow signal in weight?bearing area has a certain phase with the amount of exercise.