Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an adult patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt system

Adult patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve (VDVP) are not exempt from suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. Nowadays, with technological advances, it would be contradictory not to offer them the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. The case of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy of a 40-year-old male patient with VDVP who presented clinical signs of cholecystitis is presented. The patient's evolution was satisfactory and he was discharged home 72 hours after surgery. Currently, there are significant studies that demonstrate the benefit of minimally invasive surgery in patients with VDVP as a treatment for abdominal surgical pathologies, including biliary pathology. Therefore, in our experience and with the published cases, we conclude that patients with VDVP do benefit from minimally invasive surgery for any abdominal surgical pathology, including pathology of biliary origin.

Rare case of immune mediated cutaneous leucoclastic vasculitis with pancytopenia in a rheumatoid arthritis patient with chronic cytomegalovirus infection

Acute febrile illnesses with systemic involvement can present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in patients with multiple comorbidities. This case report highlights a complex presentation of acute febrile illness with pancytopenia and immune-mediated cutaneous vasculitis in a patient with type II diabetes mellitus. A 52-year-old male with a known history of type II diabetes mellitus presented with fever, decreased oral intake, loose stools, oral ulcers, dysphagia, and rashes over the trunk and abdomen for four days. Upon admission to the ICU, extensive diagnostic evaluations were performed, revealing significant hematological, biochemical, and serological abnormalities. Imaging studies and histopathological examinations were conducted to further investigate the underlying etiology. Laboratory findings indicated pancytopenia, acute kidney injury, and hyperkalemia. Infectious disease workup was largely negative, except for a positive CMV IgG. Imaging studies revealed medical renal disease, and a skin punch biopsy confirmed cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Bone marrow biopsy suggested bone marrow suppression. Multidisciplinary management, including dialysis, IV fluids, antibiotics, blood transfusions, steroids, and Ganciclovir, led to the patient抯 gradual improvement and stabilization. The comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach in this case underscores the importance of considering immune-mediated etiologies in patients with atypical presentations. Multidisciplinary collaboration was crucial in managing the multifaceted clinical condition of the patient. Early recognition and prompt multidisciplinary management are essential in similar cases. Extensive diagnostic evaluations should be performed to identify the underlying causes, and immune-mediated etiologies should be considered in complex presentations. Further research is recommended to explore optimal management strategies for such multifaceted conditions.

Comparative analysis of stress levels and quality of life among medical students in Southern Asia and South Caucasus

Background: Medicine is a challenging study and is known for its demanding nature. This also results in increased stress levels among students. Understanding factors that influence stress and quality of life from medical students in different regions is important for the development of effective interventions and support systems. Methods: A meticulous quantitative method approach has been utilized. This research is done via data fetched through a questionnaire. Statistical analyses are comprised of t-tests and correlation tests to employ a dissection of quantitative data while the data is subjected to analysis to uncover the underlying patterns and nuances. These results showcase crucial disparities in the stress levels between medical students in Southern Asia and the South Caucasus while imparting light on factors impacting the quality of life experienced by students in both regions. Results: The implications of this study hold primary significance for sharing information with targeted interventions with an aim at bolstering the mental health and academic performance of medical students in both the areas of Southern Asia and the South Caucasus. Conclusions: The major objective of this study is to hold comparisons of stress levels and quality aspects of life in Southern Asia and South Caucasus, with the identification of the multifaceted factors that contribute to the stress levels among students in both regions, understanding the various challenges and sharing a glimpse of actionable implications for interventions which are aimed at bolstering students’ well-being.

Multiple unilateral craniopathies (Guillain-Alajouanine-Garcin syndrome) resulting from a malignancy of the external auditory canal: a case report

Garcin syndrome (or Gullain-Alajouanine-Garcin syndrome) was first described in the year 1926, as a paralytic unilateral cranial syndrome consisting of multiple cranial nerve palsies, without findings pointing towards increased intracranial pressure or long tract involvement. A 54-year-old female presented to us initially with ptosis and lateral rectus palsy of the right eye, later on, followed by progressive hearing loss on the right ear, right facial hemianesthesia, and progressive ipsilateral facial paralysis. A mass at the external auditory canal was seen during otoscopy, and a biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced neuroimaging also showed an enhancing mass lesion at the right skull base.

Advancements in early cancer diagnosis using blood-based biomarkers and a machine learning approach

Mutations that promote aberrant cell growth are the root of the condition known as cancer. There are over a hundred distinct forms of cancer that have been identified, with lung, colon, pancreatic, breast, kidney, and prostate cancer being the most prevalent. The likelihood that a patient will survive cancer is significantly improved by early identification. Most techniques used to detect cancer are invasive, which may be painful and uncomfortable for patients and prevent them from seeking treatment. As a result, cancer is frequently discovered only after substantial symptoms have developed and it may then be too late for treatment. In this review, we will discuss several methods for detecting cancer through blood tests, different elements that serve as biomarkers, and machine learning algorithms for predicting outcomes.

Drug induced iatrogenic Cushing抯 syndrome

Drug-induced (iatrogenic) Cushing's syndrome results from excessive or prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids, commonly prescribed for autoimmune, inflammatory, and hematological disorders due to their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and proapoptotic effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits, these medications can lead to a range of multisystemic symptoms mirroring those of endogenous Cushing抯 syndrome. This review aims to elucidate the causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, emphasizing awareness of medications that can trigger its onset. The following review covers cortisol physiology, Cushing's syndrome etiology and subtypes, hypercortisolism complications and prognosis, and strategies for glucocorticoid withdrawal. This article synthesizes key findings and recommendations, highlighting challenges and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome.

Antitumor and cytotoxic potential of various extracts of Gloriosa superba L. Centaurea behen L., Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb and Ficus religiosa L. against human breast cancer (MDA-MB 231) cell lines

Background: Medicinal plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids etc. which have the capability to inhibit many pathways that lead to cancer. The present study was conducted with the objectives to screen the extracts of dried roots Gloriosa superba L., dried roots of Centaurea behen L. dried fruits/beads of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb., dried leaves of Ficus religiosa L. and investigate their antitumor activity on human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231). Methods: Cytotoxic activity was evaluated against non-cancerous cell lines (MCF-10A). Hexane, chloroform, methanol and water were the solvents used for extraction of phytoconstituents by Soxhlet method. Anti-proliferative potential of the plant extracts was evaluated using MTT assay. The trypan blue dye exclusion test was used to determine the number of viable cells present in a cell suspension. Results: On MDA MB-231 cell lines, 91.94% cell death was reported with G. superba aqueous extract followed by E. ganitrus methanol extract and F. religiosa hexane extract with 87.93% and 81.61% cell death respectively. Moreover, none of the extracts had shown cytotoxic effect while evaluated against normal non-cancerous cell lines (MCF- 10A). Conclusions: It is inferred from the current findings that phytoconstituents present in the plant extracts have high anticancer potential. These phytoconstituents along with some new anticancer agents present in the plant extracts reflects the high cytotoxic potential against cancer cells.

Efficacy of Purpureocillium lilacinum AUMC 10149 as biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plant / Eficácia de Purpureocillium lilacinum AUMC 10149 como agente de biocontrole contra o nematoide Meloidogyne incógnita que infecta plantas de tomate

Abstract Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is among the biotic factors which has greatly affected both the yield and the quality of the tomato crop. The egg parasitic nematode, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Pl) is considered as one of the most promising agents in controlling and overcoming this plant pathogen. The nematicidal effect of the native isolate Pl AUMC 10149 on second stage juvenile's survival and egg hatching of M. incognita at different times of exposure was tested in vitro. The obtained data showed that Pl gave a maximum percentage of J2 mortality (97.6%) and egg hatching inhibition (79.8%) after 72 hours of exposure. The potentiality of Pl as well as Bio-Nematon to control M. incognita infecting tomato was conducted using different times of application in vivo. Nine treatments with five replicates were used for such bioagents compared with the nematicide Oxamyl. Each seedling was inoculated with 1000 J2s of nematode/pot and 10 mL of Pl (1x1010 CFU/mL) or Bio-Nematon spore suspension (1x108 CFU/mL) 10mL/pot. The results indicated that the most effective treatments in reducing nematode population, number of galls and egg masses of M. incognita in plant roots was performed with treatment by Pl pre-planting and post-infection with Pl (Rf 1.9) giving a significant enhancement in plant length (64.9%), fresh weight (72.52%) and shoot dry weight (163.41%) without negatively impacting environment. Therefore, the present study confirmed that using P. lilacinum AUMC 10149 can be used as a practical supplement to environmentally friendly disease management of root-knot nematodes in Egypt.

Resumo O nematoide-das-galhas Meloidogyne incognita está entre os fatores bióticos que afetaram enormemente a produção e a qualidade da cultura do tomate. O nematoide parasita de ovos, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Pl), é considerado um dos mais promissores agentes no controle e superação desse fitopatógeno. O efeito nematicida do isolado nativo Pl AUMC 10149 na sobrevivência de juvenis de segundo estágio e na eclosão dos ovos de M. incognita em diferentes momentos de exposição foi testado in vitro. Os dados obtidos mostraram que o Pl deu um percentual máximo de mortalidade de J2 (97.6%) e inibição da eclosão dos ovos (79.8%) após 72 horas de exposição. A potencialidade de Pl e de Bio-Nematon para controlar M. incognita infectando tomate foi conduzida em diferentes tempos de aplicação in vivo. Nove tratamentos com cinco repetições foram usados ​​para tais bioagentes em comparação com o nematicida Oxamyl. Cada muda foi inoculada com 1.000 J2s de nematoide / vaso e 10 mL de Pl (1×1010 CFU/mL). Ou suspensão de esporos Bio-Nematon (1×108 CFU/mL) 10mL/pot. Os resultados indicaram que os tratamentos mais eficazes na redução da população de nematoides, número de galhas e desovas de M. incognita nas raízes das plantas foram realizados com Pl pré-plantio e pós-infecção com Pl (Rf 1.9), dando um aumento significativo no comprimento da planta (64.9%), massa fresca (72.52%) e massa seca da parte aérea (163.41%) sem impactar negativamente o meio ambiente. Portanto, o presente estudo confirmou que o uso de P. lilacinum AUMC 10149 pode ser usado como um suplemento prático para o manejo ecologicamente correto de nematoides-das-galhas no Egito.

Efficacy of Purpureocillium lilacinum AUMC 10149 as biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plant

Abstract Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is among the biotic factors which has greatly affected both the yield and the quality of the tomato crop. The egg parasitic nematode, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Pl) is considered as one of the most promising agents in controlling and overcoming this plant pathogen. The nematicidal effect of the native isolate Pl AUMC 10149 on second stage juveniles survival and egg hatching of M. incognita at different times of exposure was tested in vitro. The obtained data showed that Pl gave a maximum percentage of J2 mortality (97.6%) and egg hatching inhibition (79.8%) after 72 hours of exposure. The potentiality of Pl as well as Bio-Nematon to control M. incognita infecting tomato was conducted using different times of application in vivo. Nine treatments with five replicates were used for such bioagents compared with the nematicide Oxamyl. Each seedling was inoculated with 1000 J2s of nematode/pot and 10 mL of Pl (1x1010 CFU/mL) or Bio-Nematon spore suspension (1x108 CFU/mL) 10mL/pot. The results indicated that the most effective treatments in reducing nematode population, number of galls and egg masses of M. incognita in plant roots was performed with treatment by Pl pre-planting and post-infection with Pl (Rf 1.9) giving a significant enhancement in plant length (64.9%), fresh weight (72.52%) and shoot dry weight (163.41%) without negatively impacting environment. Therefore, the present study confirmed that using P. lilacinum AUMC 10149 can be used as a practical supplement to environmentally friendly disease management of root-knot nematodes in Egypt.

Resumo O nematoide-das-galhas Meloidogyne incognita está entre os fatores bióticos que afetaram enormemente a produção e a qualidade da cultura do tomate. O nematoide parasita de ovos, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Pl), é considerado um dos mais promissores agentes no controle e superação desse fitopatógeno. O efeito nematicida do isolado nativo Pl AUMC 10149 na sobrevivência de juvenis de segundo estágio e na eclosão dos ovos de M. incognita em diferentes momentos de exposição foi testado in vitro. Os dados obtidos mostraram que o Pl deu um percentual máximo de mortalidade de J2 (97.6%) e inibição da eclosão dos ovos (79.8%) após 72 horas de exposição. A potencialidade de Pl e de Bio-Nematon para controlar M. incognita infectando tomate foi conduzida em diferentes tempos de aplicação in vivo. Nove tratamentos com cinco repetições foram usados para tais bioagentes em comparação com o nematicida Oxamyl. Cada muda foi inoculada com 1.000 J2s de nematoide / vaso e 10 mL de Pl (1×1010 CFU/mL). Ou suspensão de esporos Bio-Nematon (1×108 CFU/mL) 10mL/pot. Os resultados indicaram que os tratamentos mais eficazes na redução da população de nematoides, número de galhas e desovas de M. incognita nas raízes das plantas foram realizados com Pl pré-plantio e pós-infecção com Pl (Rf 1.9), dando um aumento significativo no comprimento da planta (64.9%), massa fresca (72.52%) e massa seca da parte aérea (163.41%) sem impactar negativamente o meio ambiente. Portanto, o presente estudo confirmou que o uso de P. lilacinum AUMC 10149 pode ser usado como um suplemento prático para o manejo ecologicamente correto de nematoides-das-galhas no Egito.

Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Plantago ovata ethanolic extract in rats

Abstract This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, -carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades antiulcerogênica e antioxidante das sementes de Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) em ratos. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado utilizando o método do sequestro do radical livre DPPH, autooxidação do -caroteno, poder redutor de ferro e atividade de sequestro do radical hidroxila. No estudo antiulcerogênico, o pré-tratamento com o extrato etanólico das sementes de Plantago ovata (POE) (400 mg/Kg b.wt) reduziu a úlcera gástrica induzida pelo etanol em ratos, diminuindo o valor do índice de úlcera e preservando a integridade da mucosa gástrica. O estudo do estresse oxidativo nos tecidos estomacais mostrou um aumento significativo dos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase, com uma diminuição significativa da peroxidação lipídica enquanto pré-tratamento com POE. Em conclusão, o POE protege contra úlcera gástrica devido aos seus potenciais antioxidantes e à presença de moléculas bioativas.

Unveiling the clinical spectrum of relapsing polychondritis: insights into its pathogenesis, novel monogenic causes, and therapeutic strategies

Abstract Relapsing polychondritis is a rare multisystem disease involving cartilaginous and proteoglycan-rich structures. The diagnosis of this disease is mainly suggested by the presence of flares of inflammation of the cartilage, particularly in the ears, nose or respiratory tract, and more rarely, in the presence of other manifestations. The spectrum of clinical presentations may vary from intermittent episodes of painful and often disfiguring auricular and nasal chondritis to an occasional organ or even life-threatening manifestations such as lower airway collapse. There is a lack of awareness about this disease is mainly due to its rarity. In 2020, VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome, a novel autoinflammatory syndrome, was described. VEXAS syndrome is attributed to somatic mutations in methionine-41 of UBA1, the major E1 enzyme that initiates ubiquitylation. This new disease entity connects seemingly unrelated conditions: systemic inflammatory syndromes (relapsing chondritis, Sweet's syndrome, and neutrophilic dermatosis) and hematologic disorders (myelodysplastic syndrome or multiple myeloma). Therefore, this article reviews the current literature on both disease entities.

Occupational exposure to pesticides deregulates systemic cortisol levels in women with breast cancer and correlates with poor prognosis features

Pesticides have been pointed out as hormone disruptors and may significantly affect the prognosis of hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer (BC). Here, we investigated the impact of occupational pesticide exposure on systemic cortisol levels in female rural workers diagnosed with BC. Occupational exposure was assessed by interviews with a standardized questionnaire. Plasma samples (112 from pesticide-exposed women and 77 from unexposed women) were collected in the afternoon, outside the physiological cortisol peak, and analyzed by a chemiluminescent paramagnetic immunoassay for the quantitative determination of cortisol levels in serum and plasma. The results from both groups were categorized according to patients' clinicopathological and exposure data. BC pesticide-exposed women presented higher levels of cortisol than the unexposed. Higher cortisol levels were also detected in the exposed group with more aggressive disease (triple-negative BC), with tumors over 2 cm, with lymph node metastases, and with high risk of disease recurrence and death. These findings demonstrated that there is an association between pesticide exposure and BC that affected cortisol levels and correlated to poor disease prognosis.

Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Plantago ovata ethanolic extract in rats / Atividade antiulcerogênica e antioxidante do extrato etanólico de Plantago ovata em ratos

This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, ß-carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades antiulcerogênica e antioxidante das sementes de Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) em ratos. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado utilizando o método do sequestro do radical livre DPPH, autooxidação do ß-caroteno, poder redutor de ferro e atividade de sequestro do radical hidroxila. No estudo antiulcerogênico, o pré-tratamento com o extrato etanólico das sementes de Plantago ovata (POE) (400 mg/Kg b.wt) reduziu a úlcera gástrica induzida pelo etanol em ratos, diminuindo o valor do índice de úlcera e preservando a integridade da mucosa gástrica. O estudo do estresse oxidativo nos tecidos estomacais mostrou um aumento significativo dos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase, com uma diminuição significativa da peroxidação lipídica enquanto pré-tratamento com POE. Em conclusão, o POE protege contra úlcera gástrica devido aos seus potenciais antioxidantes e à presença de moléculas bioativas.

Determinants of cord care practices among caregivers in a level 5 facility in Kenya

Background: Globally, in the year 2020, 2.4 million children died with the likelihood of a child in Sub-Saharan Africa to die in their first month after birth being ten times higher compared to that in developed countries. Infection is a leading cause of mortality among infants with a significant number being attributed to umbilical cord infections. The aim of the study was to assess cord care practices and the associated factors among mothers and care givers at the Mombasa County referral hospital in Kenya. Methods: This was a facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the maternal child health/family planning clinic at a level 5 public health facility in Mombasa County, Kenya. Systematic random sampling was employed to select study respondents. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. The association of the dependent and independent variables was assessed using Pearson Chi-square statistics. A p<0.05 was considered significant at 95% CI. Results: Slightly below half (43.6%) of the respondents had practiced inappropriate cord care. Inappropriate cord care practices reported included the use of breast milk (24.3%), herbal substances (17.8%), warm salty water (16.4%), saliva (15.1%), soot (11.2%), black soil (7.9%) and coconut oil (7.2%). Socio-cultural beliefs regarding cord care were prevalent among the respondents. Socio-demographic characteristics, facility-related factors, and socio-cultural factors were associated with cord care practices (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a need to enhance health education regarding cord care among women in the health facilities and community. Strategies to enhance scale- up of chlorhexidine use should be explored.

Variability in presentation and management of gastric volvulus: report of 3 cases

Gastric volvulus is a pathology of acute or subacute presentation. Depending on the type, a gastric volvulus can present as an emergency if there is vascular compromise with necrosis and high risk of perforation and its surgical resolution is mandatory. Subacute gastric volvulus does not compromise the organ or organism urgently but is associated with high morbidity and should be resolved when the patient is in optimal conditions to offer definitive treatment. Depending on the torsion axis, it is classified as axial or mesenteroaxial organ, both merit reduction according to their presentation and the clinical context of the patient.

Isolation and Cultural, Morphological Characterization of Sclerotium rolfsii Causing Seedling Blight in Rice

In Telangana state, India, around June 2021, the seedling blight of rice was seen in nursery beds 10 days after sowing (DAS). Sclerotium rolfsii was the disease's causative agent. Infected plant samples were gathered in farmer's paddy nurseries in the Telangana state of India during kharif 2021 as part of the Rice Production Oriented Survey (POS) in farmer fields in Katkur (Village), Akkannapeta (Mandal), Siddipet (District). The farmer uses a seed called PAN 152 from a private company. The affected rice seedlings showed the typical signs of soft rot, yellowing and white cottony mould growth. Spherical-shaped dark brown sclerotial bodies were also seen in the basal stem region of the infected seedlings. Cultural and morphological identification was done for identifying the microbe.

Determinants of cervical cancer screening adherence among rural women of Chengalpattu district

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India even though it is a vaccine preventable disease. Women ever undergone a screening for cervical cancer in India is only 1.7% in rural (NFHS-5). The focus of this study was to identify the factors affecting cervical cancer screening among rural women of Chengalpattu district. Methods: It is a community based cross sectional study conducted in 12 villages coming under field practicing areas of rural health training centre of Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute in Chengalpattu district. Sampling was done by using Simple random sampling method and our sample size was 220. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel and analysis was done using SPSS software version 21. Results: The Mean (SD) age of the study participants was 45±10.17 years. Among all the participants, 181 (82.3%) were unaware about any method of cervical cancer screening. Factors that are barriers to cervical cancer screening includes feeling of being healthy (79.6%), fear of finding out cancer (71.9%), anticipation of pain (68.1%). Conclusions: Present study found out that most study participants were unaware about the methods of cervical cancer screening. It is important to educate women about cervical cancer screening methods to overcome barriers.

Influence of Congenital Heart Defect Types over Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Aortic Cross-Clamping, and Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay and Their Association with Genetic Factors

Aim: Surgical correction of congenital heart defects (CHD) often requires interruption of blood flow through cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping (ACC), for which duration(s) are considered to be prognostic factors, along with intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (ICULOS). The aim of this study was to evaluate these surgical prognostic factors in pediatric patients with different types of CHD regarding their type of lesion and associated genetic factors. Study Design: Cross-sectional cohort study with 307 pediatric patients. Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, in Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil, from 2006-2009 (3 years) Methodology: After inclusion criteria, we studied 266 pediatric patients admitted for the first time in a reference cardiac pediatric ICU from Southern Brazil following cardiac surgery. Intraoperative prognostic factors such as duration of CPB, ACC and ICULOS, in addition to dysmorphological and cytogenetic examinations were compiled and analyzed. P-values of <0.05 were considered significant. Results: CPB time was associated to four outflow tract defects (Tetralogy of Fallot [ToF], transposition of the great arteries [TGA], double outlet right ventricle, and truncus arteriosus [TA]), atrioventricular septal defect, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) (P < 0.001). ACC duration was associated with three outflow tract defects (ToF, TGA, and TA) and HLHS (P < 0.001). Moreover, CPB and ACC times showed an association with cyanotic and complex heart defects, as well as prolonged ICULOS (P < 0.001). There was no relationship between these prognostic factors and syndromic aspects or cytogenetic findings. Conclusions: CHD type has an impact over CPB and ACC duration and ICULOS, whereas genetic factors are not associated with those prognostic factors.