Résumé
One new flavonoid named 5, 7-dihydroxy-3,6,3'-trimethoxyflavone [1], together with eight known phenolic compounds; 3,4-dihydroxy methyl benzoate [2], 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid [3], isorhamnetin [4], quercetin [5], myricetin [6,], isorhamnetin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [7], quercettn-4'-O-beta-D-g/ucopyranoside [8] and quercetin-3,4'-O-beta-D-diglucopyranoside [9] were isolated from the flowers of Cucurbita pepo L. for the first time except 3 which was previously isolated from the plant. Their structures have been established on the basis of physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods in addition to comparison with literature data and/or authentic samples. The met hanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity
Résumé
The gentle non-aversive approach is a new and promising treatment modality in severe behavioral problems. It has been recently presented as an option to the classical control-oriented approaches of behavior therapy. This paper reviewed this approach by focusing on areas of application, general theorization, and basic techniques commonly used by adherers of this modality. Particularly emphasized, this approach's emphasis is one anti-authoritarian values, the role of bonding and reciprocity that need to exist between the person and his social environment, and the value of creating rewarding relationship with the behaviorally disturbed person. The major techniques were discussed including the ignoring-redirect-reward paradigm; environmental management, and teaching in silence. In this paper we will present a clinical application of this approach in a case of severe violence