Résumé
Objective: To evaluate optometric management of hyperopia in children. Main outcome measures were: 1. To find out best treatment modality in hyperopia Subjects. 2. Relationship among age, vision and amount of hyperopia. 3. Modification of correction according to ocular motility
Methods: This institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences in the Pediatric Optometry Room of Eye Department of Mayo Hospital Lahore, during the months of January to March 2016. The study included 100 Subjects of both genders having age group birth to 12 years by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Subjects were subjected to visual acuity, pinhole visual acuity, cover uncover test, Hirschberg's test or torch examination, cycloplegic refraction[using cyclopean eye drops] and PMT if required. Afrequently used prescription plan was used based upon the criteria of age, vision, fundus examination, strabismus [esotropia] and ocular motility
Results: According to the results of this study 62% Subjects accepted the full correction, 30% Subjects accepted partial correction and 8.0% were those who accepted partial correction with full correction on follow up. Vision assessment of children in age groups from birth to 3 years was not possible, 4 to 6 years had visual acuity of 6/36 to 6/24, 7 to 9 years were having 6/36-6/12 and 10 to12 years were having 6/18 to 6/12. Children in age group from birth to 6 years were highly hyperopic [+4.25D to +7.00D or>+7.00D] and from 7 to 12 years were low hyperopic [+0.25D to+4.00D]. 66% hyperopes were amblyopic
Conclusion: It was concluded that the best treatment modality was full correction. Almost all the esotropia with hyperopia were given full correction. Age, vision and amount of hyperopia are highly correlated to each other. Modification of correction should be done according to ocular motility, age and vision
Résumé
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate. 1. The importance of visual hygiene in adult myopes. 2. To find out the association of myopia with posture and visual environment. Main outcome measures were to evaluate role of visual hygiene, to evaluate the effects of posture in developing myopia and to evaluate the effects of visual environment in developing myopia
Methods: This was an institutional based cross sectional study conducted at College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences in the main OPD of Eye Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, during the months of July to September 2016. Total of 100 subjects of both genders aged between 5-15 years, having Myopia of -1D to -5D were included in the study by using nonprobability convenient sampling technique. All the subjects were asked to fill the questionnaire containing questions regarding academic performance with and without spectacles. Data was collected through a self designed questionnaire and analyzed on SPSS software [Version 20.00] and p value was calculated by one sample t-test and ANOVA
Results: A total of 100 subjects were checked having myopia of varying degree [1.00- 5.00diopters].The results showed that there was greater degree of myopia in subjects having poor visual hygiene. The results showed that out of 100 subjects, 98 were into the habit of cleaning their glasses before wearing them. Positive relationship between myopia development and reading distance was found. Those who watched TV on daily basis for 3 hours had myopia in the range of -4.25 to -5.0 D. It was also found that most of the subjects study under bright light. Higher degree of myopia was found in subjects who were also computer users. Positive association between posture and myopia development was also found
Conclusion: The results concludes that poor posture, dim light while studying and excessive use of computer is significantly related to the degradation of naked vision. This data and whole study support the assumption that visual hygiene improvement could be useful in minimizing the myopia development
Résumé
Background: Astigmatism may effect schooling among children
Objective: To determine the effect of uncorrected astigmatism on the readiness of child to go to school
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 children and vision screening was performed on these children admitted in nursery and prep class of Government Paisa and Akhbar School Lahore from 1 October to 30 November 2015. A questionnaire was asked from the in-charge of each class. The questions represented the different scales of academic readiness. These questions included physical health, personal and social development, academic performance, reluctance while coming to school, attention, language and literacy. The children with astigmatism [defined as >o.5 or equal to 0.5 in either eye] were compared with children who had no astigmatism. Association between the astigmatism and each scale of academic readiness was measured by applying qualitative chi square test. The effect of age and spherical refractive error was ignored. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 13
Results: A total of 61 students participated in this study. 21 students were of age 4 years and 40 children were of age 5 years. 35 children were non-astigmatic and 25 children were astigmatic. There was no significant effect of uncorrected astigmatism on health and development [P=0.2], reluctance to go to school [p=0.08] and school attendance [p=0.3]. This may be due to the fact that our schools are not that efficient to record theacademic performance across the developing years. There was a significant effect of astigmatism on academic readiness [p=0.02], language and literacy [0.05]
Conclusion: The study showed that there was significant effect of astigmatism on academic readiness, language and literacy whereas there was no significant effect on health and development, reluctance to go to school and school attendance. This study emphasized on the importance of early vision screening in preschoolers so that children can see clearly in early years of their visual development and academic learning