Résumé
Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency, characteristics and other factors affecting dental pain in 11-14 years old school children in Islamabad, Pakistan
Methods: a cross sectional survey was carried out in May 2015 to assess the frequency of dental pain in 11-14 years old school children attending government and private schools in Islamabad, Pakistan. Total samples consisted of 526 school children from 9 randomly selected government and 9 from private schools. Two hundred and seventy three children from government schools and 253 children from private schools participated in the study. Response rate was 83.65%. A standardised questionnaire comprised of 15 questions related to demographics and pain experience was completed by the children
Results: the frequency of dental pain in 11-14 years old school children was 29.1% in Islamabad, Pakistan. The frequency of dental pain in males was 30.2% and in females it was 27.6%. In this study, dental pain in the last six months was not significantly associated with gender in children [p=0.618]. Similarly dental pain was not statistically significantly associated with the type of school in which the child was studying [p=0.302]. However dental pain was significantly related to occupation of father [p=0.027]. The children, whose fathers had jobs as labourers, had a higher frequency of dental pain than fathers with white-collar jobs. Almost 36.7% of the children reporting dental pain described the intensity of pain as discomforting and 28.1% of children had mild pain. The pain did not radiate to the surrounding area in 36.7% of the children. The pain radiated to surrounding area to mild and moderate extent in 41.4% and 13.3% of children respectively. It was found that eating from the side of mouth with dental pain had no effect on the severity of pain in 15.6% of children. Almost 13.3% of children claimed that eating made the pain moderately more severe
Conclusion: overall the frequency of dental pain in children was 29%. Dental pain was not associated with gender of the school child. Efforts should be directed to determine the cause of dental pain in school children. Prevention of dental pain can be done by promoting oral health in children to reduce the impact of dental pain on quality of life
Résumé
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of Gutka consumption and its relationship with socioeconomic status among fisherman community of Costal area of Karachi. Methods: Socioeconomic status and information about Gutka habit was collected from 408 fisherman of Ibrahim Hyderi, a coastal area of Karachi from 15th July 2014 to 21st July 2014.The Kuppuswamy scale was used to measure socioeconomic status [SES]. A subject was considered to be belonging to higher socioeconomic status if the family head's education and the number of earning members were higher and the number of children and dependents was less since childhood in his or her household. Single investigator carried out structured face-to-face interview. Convenient sampling technique was used. Results: Out of 408 subjects, 326 regularly consumed Gutka, the common reasons for the habit were the co-workers' influence and to keep awake at work. The prevalence of the Gutka chewing habit was much lesser [25%] among the people belonging to higher social class when compared to the minimal or no improvement group [75%]. A majority of those free from the habit [73.7%] were belonging to the group, which showed improved educational attainment. Among those with good social status, the percentage of workers with high frequency of Gutka chewing and those with a longer duration of the Gutka chewing habit was low when compared to the lower social class group. Conclusion: This study based on data collected by questioner and analyzed on SPSS version 17.It is recommended that intervention in the form of primary and secondary smokeless tobacco use, prevention with association and careful planning including restricted resources available to be implemented efficiently