Clinical Correlation Of Nutrient Foramen Of Dry Human Ulna Bones In Jammu Region

Background: The nutrient foramen of Human ulna bone is on the anterior surface of shaft of ulna almost proximalto the mid point and is directed upwards. Nutrient foramen permits the passage of the branch of anteriorinterosseous artery.Methods: The present study was conducted on 70 dry human ulna bones of unknown sex and age obtained fromGovernment Medical College Jammu. The Ulna bones were observed macroscopically for nutrient foramen.Results: In our study we observed that only 2 bones were without nutrient foramen and two of the bones with twonutrient foramen on right side while one foramen on all the left side. The location of nutrient foramen in right andleft ulna bones was 72% in the middle one third, 18% in upper third and 8% at the junction of upper and middleone third. The position of nutrient foramen was 80% on the anterior surface, 11% on the Interosseous border and7% on the anterior border. All the foramen were directed upwardsConclusion: The study of nutrient foramen is of utmost importance to the forensic experts as in determining thelength of ulna and to the orthopaedicians for deciding different treatment modalities in case of fractures of shaftof ulna so as to prevent non-union or avascular necrosis and also helpful for highly specialised surgicalprocedures like vascularised bone grafting involving microsurgery

Study of Human Fetal Kidney.

Background: The knowledge of the basic humanmorphology and developmental anatomy is very imperative for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The question of study of human renal development arose for prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations. There are few reports regarding the morphological development of human kidney, So, our study aims at contributing to the knowledge of morphogenesis and histogenesis of human kidney. At various gestations. Materials andmethod: 30 human fetal kidneys between 10 to 34weeks of gestationwere dissected and processed in paraffin, 7mm thick sections were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin and Masson’s Trichrome stains. They were divided into 5 groups according to CRL and light microscopy examination done. Results: Morphogenesis of human kidney starts at 5th week of gestation and extends upto last month of last trimester of pregnancy, renal pelvis was very small and undifferentiated at 10 weeks and fully differentiated at 18 weeks. Zone of transition between cortex and medulla appeared at the starting of 14 weeks, presence of lobulation in kidneys was observed as early as 10 weeks, lobules start fusing with each other at 15 weeks of gestation. An arcade system along with well-defined pyramids was observed at 16-18 weeks. Conclusion: The present work made an attempt to do detailed light microscopy of human kidney at various stages of gestation, the data on which is scanty in Indian population.

Histological development of human foetal shoulder joint.

Background: Shoulder joint is a multiaxial, diarthrodial joint of ball and socket variety. The various components of shoulder joint i.e. capsule, various ligaments, joint cavity and synovial tissue start developing in early embryonic and foetal life roughly in between 6th to 12th week of foetal development. The present study aims to analyze the sequences of development of various structures of shoulder joint in human embryo and compare the findings with other observers to gain some insight regarding its development and an attempt is made to correlate these observations clinically to analyze cause and management of recurrent shoulder dislocations. Methods: Shoulder joints of 32 foetuses collected from areas in and around Jammu were dissected properly and decalcified in Gooding and Stewart’s solution. Sections were cut after obtaining blocks by paraffin wax embedding method. Slides were stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin, Masson’s trichrome and orcein staining and important findings were documented. Results: The bony structures - head of humerus and glenoid fossa and joint cavity appear by 10 weeks which prolongs into bicipital sulcus by 12-1/2 weeks. Synovial tissue appears by 10 weeks and synovial villi appear by 14 weeks. Glenoid labrum, capsular ligament, coracohumeral ligament and superior glenohumeral ligament are seen by 10 weeks. Middle glenohumeral ligament is seen at 12-1/2 weeks while inferior glenohumeral ligament is seen at 14 weeks. Tendon of biceps is seen at 10 weeks. Conclusions: By 10 weeks of gestational age various structures of shoulder joint develop in situ, resembling in form and arrangement as those of adults. From these early stages, development proceeds rapidly to achieve adult characteristics. There are no intermediate stages in between where structures similar to those of lower forms i.e. syn/amphi artroses appear temporarily.

Anomalous Left testicular Artery Arising from left Accessory renal Artery and its Clinical implications.

Origin of the Testicular Artery variations were found during routine dissection of abdomen of the middle aged cadaver in the Dept of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College Jammu. On the left side there were two renal arteries, One of them was the main Renal artery which was originating from the anterolateral aspect of abdominal aorta and running to the hilum of the kidney in front of the renal vein The other was the Accessory Renal artery which was originating from anterolateral aspect of aorta 5mm above origin of main renal artery and going to the upper pole of the kidney. The origin of accessory renal artery and main renal artery was 4.2 and 9.2mm below the level of origin of superior mesentric artery. The left testicular artery was originating from the accessory renal artery and crossing the renal artery and the renal vein anteriorly before following its usual course in the posterior abdominal wall. Only one renal artery was seen on the right side arising from the anterolateral aspect of aorta. The right testicular artery originated 52mm below the origin of right renal artery and followed its normal course This anomaly is explained by embryological development of both kidneys and gonads from intermediate mesoderm of mesonephric crest. Further the vasculature of kidneys and gonads is derived from lateral mesonephric branches of dorsal aorta .Even though the condition presents as a silent renal anomaly (Undiagnosed throughout life and revealed only on autopsy) the surgical implications are noteworthy, which too have been highlighted in this report.

Histopathological effects of pesticide-cholopyrifos on kidney in albino rats.

Background: Histopathological lesions have been widely used as biomarkers for health evaluation of organism exposed to pollutants and can be used as warning symptoms for organism health. There are few reports regarding histomorphological changes in kidney following pesticide chlorpyrifos exposure which has prompted us to undertake this study. Methods: The present study was conducted on 45 inbred adult Wistar albino rats of either sex, weighing 145 – 165 gms. These animals were randomly divided into 3 groups A, B, C. Oral Chlorpyrifos was given to the experimental groups B and C in dose of 5 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body weight respectively. Group A served as control and was left as such. 3 animals from each group were sacrificed after 1 week, 2nd week, 4th week, 6th week and 8th week of initiation of experiment to see the histological changes in the kidney architecture. Results: Group A shows no histological alterations. Group B – No histological alterations in the kidney after 1 week. From 2 weeks-8 there was shrinkage of glomerulus at initial stages of treatment, tubular dilation, glomerular hypercellularity, hypertrophy of tubular epithelium, degeneration of renal tubules, deposition of eosin positive substance in the glomerulus and renal tubules. There were infiltration of lymphocytes in the interstitium and increased vascularity in the form of dilated vessels fibrosis and interstitial oedema. All these changes were suggestive of glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis leading to acute renal failure progressing to chronic renal failure with increasing duration. In Group C – the Kidneys of 1 week Chlorpyrifos treated rats exhibited shrunken glomeruli and hypertrophy of renal tubular epithelium. From 2nd week- 8thweek, the changes seen were more pronounced than Group B Conclusion: The present study showed that significant histomorphological changes were caused in the kidneys of rats administered with Chlorpyrifos. These changes were markedly different from the control rats. Hence this study brought into light the renal toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos which was found to be significant at high dose level.

Effect of Malnutrition on the Sequence and Time of Appearance of the Ossification Centres of the Wrist and Hand in Malnourished Children.

Appearance of ossification centres of 500 malnourished children (250 boys and 250 girls) from birth to eight years was observed in the radiographs of the wrist i.e. lower end of radius and ulna and the hand i.e. carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. There was no marked difference in the sequence of appearance of ossification centres, capitate and hamate were first to appear followed by other bones as occurs in healthy children. The centres most commonly retarded in the hand and wrist in the children with malnutrition comprising the current series were the middle and distal phalanges and those least retarded were the capitate and hamate.