RÉSUMÉ
Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) pose a significant socio-economic burden and global public health concern. Monitoring road safety initiatives' efficacy necessitates analysing RTA incidence. This study examines time zone-specific RTA mortality in Kerala state, India, from 2016 to 2021. Methods: Utilizing compiled secondary-level time series data, the study encompasses total RTA fatalities in Kerala from 2016 to 2021. Data includes fatalities per year in nine consecutive three-hour time periods. Exploratory data analysis, time series regression, and exponential smoothing were employed for analysis. Results: Data reveals fluctuating trends in road accident (RA) fatalities, peaking in 2018 with a notable decrease in 2020. 18:00 to 21:00 recorded the highest and lowest fatalities, total 901 deaths. Disproportionate RA fatalities occurred from 06:00 to 09:00 (527 deaths) and 15:00 to 18:00 (697.5 deaths). The study employs Holt-Winters exponential smoothing for short-term forecasting, with a mean absolute scaled error (MASE) less than 1 signifying accurate predictions. Conclusions: The analysis highlights temporal patterns, emphasizing 18:00 to 21:00 as critical. Holt-Winters exponential smoothing proves vital for accurate short-term forecasting, with MASE reflecting precision. Urgency is stressed in adopting targeted measures for time-specific road accidents. Government intervention is pivotal, advocating for improved infrastructure, enhanced driver education, efficient vehicle management, and sustained traffic enforcement. Tailoring traffic laws to time zones, coupled with forecasting techniques, aligns with the overarching goal of enhancing road safety and reducing RA mortality rates.
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A new ruthenium (III) Schiff base complexes of the type [RuX2 (PPh3)2(L)] (where X = Cl or Br; L = monobasic bidentate Ligand) have been synthesized. All the complexes were characterized by analytical, IR, electronic and EPR spectral studies. An octahedral geometry has been tentatively proposed to all the new complexes. Further the ligands and complexes were subjected to antimicrobial activity studies. The new complexes have been tested to find out the DNA – binding by electronic spectral studies and anti cancer effect.
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Ras proteins are signal-transducing GTPases that cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound forms. Ras is a prolific signaling molecule interacting with a spectrum of effector molecules and acting through more than one signaling pathway. The Ras-effector proteins contain a Ras-associating (RA) domain through which these associate with Ras in a GTP-dependent manner. The RA domain is highly conserved among the members of the growth factor receptor-bound (Grb) 7 family of proteins which includes Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14. Our laboratory has reported an unusual observation that RA domain of Grb14 binds to the C-terminal nucleotide binding site of cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CTRCNGA1) and inhibits the channel activity. Molecular modeling of the CTR-CNGA1 displays 50%-70% tertiary structural similarity towards Ras proteins. We named this region as Ras-like domain (RLD). The interaction between RA-Grb14 and RLD-CNGA1 is mediated through a simple protein-protein interaction temporally and spatially regulated by light and cGMP. It is interesting to note that Grb14 binds to GTPase-mutant Rab5, a Ras-related small GTPase whereas Grb10 binds only to GTP-bound form of active Rab5 but not to GTPase-defective mutant Rab5. These results suggest that Grb14 might have been evolved later in the evolution that binds to both Ras and nucleotide binding proteins such as CNGA1. Our studies also suggest that eukaryotic CNG channels could be evolved through a gene fusion between prokaryotic ion channels and cyclic nucleotide binding proteins, both of which might have undergone several sequence variations for functional adaptation during evolution.
Sujet(s)
Animaux , Bovins , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Rats , Séquence d'acides aminés , Membrane cellulaire , Métabolisme , Effets des rayonnements , Séquence conservée , Canaux cationiques contrôlés par les nucléotides cycliques , Génétique , Métabolisme , Évolution moléculaire , Protéine adaptatrice GRB7 , Chimie , Génétique , Métabolisme , Cellules HEK293 , Lumière , Modèles moléculaires , Données de séquences moléculaires , Liaison aux protéines , Effets des rayonnements , Structure tertiaire des protéines , Transport des protéines , Segment externe de cellule en bâtonnet , Effets des rayonnements , Protéines G rab5 , Métabolisme , Protéines G ras , MétabolismeRÉSUMÉ
We recently found that growth factor receptor-bound (Grb) protein 14 is a novel physiological modulator of photoreceptor specific cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha subunit (CNGA1). Grb14 promotes the CNG channel closure through its Ras-associating (RA) domain. In the current study we show that this RA domain-mediated inhibition of rod CNG channel is electrostatic in nature. Grb14 competes with cGMP for the CNGA1 binding pocket and electrostatically interacts with Arg(559) through a negatively charged β-turn at its RA domain. Moreover, the three Glu residues (180-182) in Grb14 are absolutely critical for electrostatic interaction with the cGMP binding pocket and resultant inhibition. Our study also demonstrates that substitution of Lys140 for Ala or in combination with polyglutamte mutants of Grb14 results in a significantly reduced binding with CNGA1. These results suggest that in addition to Glu(180-182) and Lys(140), other residues in Grb14 may be involved in the electrostatic interaction with CNGA1. The RA domain is highly conserved among the members of Grb7 family of proteins, which includes Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14. Further, only Grb14 is able to modulate the channel activity, but not Grb7 and Grb10. All together, it suggests the existence of a divergence in RA domains among the members of the Grb7 family.
Sujet(s)
Animaux , Bovins , Humains , Calcium , Métabolisme , Cellules cultivées , GMP cyclique , Métabolisme , Canaux cationiques contrôlés par les nucléotides cycliques , Chimie , Génétique , Métabolisme , Protéine adaptatrice GRB10 , Génétique , Métabolisme , Rein , Biologie cellulaire , Métabolisme , Modèles moléculaires , Conformation des protéines , Protein-tyrosine kinases , Génétique , Métabolisme , Électricité statiqueRÉSUMÉ
Vitamin A supplementation reduces child morbidity, mortality, and blindness. The coverage of the national vitamin A programme and risk factors for not receiving vitamin A were characterized using data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Of 3,745 children aged 18-59 months, 3,237 (86.4%) received a vitamin A capsule each within the last six months. Children who missed vitamin A were more likely to be stunted (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.00) and come from a family with a previous history of mortality of children aged less than five years (PR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99). Maternal education of ≥10 years (PR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.13), 7-9 years (PR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12), and 1-6 years (PR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08) compared to no formal education was associated with the child not receiving vitamin A in a multivariate model, adjusting for potential confounders. Children missed by the vitamin A programme were more likely to come from families with lower maternal education. Special efforts are required to ensure that the coverage of the national vitamin A programme is increased further so that the most vulnerable children are also better protected against morbidity, mortality, and blindness.
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A 35-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive male presented with huge mediastinal mass for evaluation. After contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) angiogram, aneurysm of arch of aorta was diagnosed. The patient also proved to be co-infected with syphilis, which is the aetiological cause of aneurysm in this case. The present report highlights the need to suspect, diagnose and treat dual infections in individuals with high risk behaviour.
Sujet(s)
Adulte , Anévrysme infectieux/diagnostic , Anévrysme infectieux/étiologie , Anévrysme de l'aorte/diagnostic , Anévrysme de l'aorte/étiologie , Anticorps anti-VIH/analyse , Antigènes du VIH/analyse , Séropositivité VIH/complications , Séropositivité VIH/diagnostic , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/immunologie , Humains , Mâle , Syphilis cardiovasculaire/complications , Syphilis cardiovasculaire/diagnostic , TomodensitométrieRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Information on oxidative damage during sepsis in children is not available, we undertook this study to assess the levels of certain antioxidants in blood of children with sepsis. METHODS: Study group had 38 children with sepsis (<5 yr) and 39 age-and sex-matched controls admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Red cell glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and plasma vitamin C were estimated by standard techniques. RESULTS: There was no significant change in erythrocyte GSH, SOD and TBARS levels in sepsis when compared to controls. This may be due to the adaptive response of the body to combat the oxidative stress. However, plasma vitamin C levels were significantly reduced in patients aged one year one month to five years which may be due to active phagocytosis and due to its role as a free radical scavenger. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Our findings show that children affected by sepsis probably adapt to the free radical toxicity induced by this condition. Further studies need to be done on a larger sample to confirm the findings.
Sujet(s)
Acide ascorbique/sang , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Glutathion/sang , Humains , Peroxydation lipidique/immunologie , Stress oxydatif/immunologie , Sepsie/immunologie , Statistique non paramétrique , Superoxide dismutase/sang , Substances réactives à l'acide thiobarbiturique/analyseRÉSUMÉ
OBJECTIVE: To assess the immune response of preterm and low birth weight babies (LBW) to hepatitis B (HB) vaccine. SETTING: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), postnatal ward and follow up clinics of KEM Hospital, Pune. DESIGN: Open trial. METHODS: 100 babies were enrolled in four study groups. Group I - preterm, gestational age (GA) < 34 weeks; Group II - GA 34 to 36 weeks; Group III full term <2.5 kg (LBW babies); and Group IV full term >2.5 kg (controls). A recombinant DNA HB vaccine was given at 0, 1, 2 and 12 month schedule. The first injection was administered as soon as the neonate was stabilized. Immune response in terms of anti HBs titres (AUSAB EIA Diagnostic kit) was measured one month after each of the first three injections and at the time of one year booster. Adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: 88 and 62 babies completed the study till the third dose and one year booster dose respectively. Immune response of HB vaccine was uniformly good in all the study groups with 100 % sero-conversion after the second dose itself. By one year (i.e. before the booster dose), very high titres were recorded in all 100%, with 85% demonstrating titres >1000 mIU/ml. Preterm and LBW babies had higher GMT as compared to full term babies till one month after third dose. By one year (before booster), full term babies had higher GMT than preterm and LBW babies. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The vaccine was well tolerated and safe and there were no adverse reactions. CONCLUSION: Immune response of preterm, LBW and full term babies to the new generation recombinant DNA HB vaccine was uniformly good. High and long term seroprotective levels were achieved after the second dose itself.
Sujet(s)
Femelle , Vaccins anti-hépatite B/immunologie , Humains , Nourrisson à faible poids de naissance/immunologie , Nouveau-né , Prématuré/immunologie , MâleRÉSUMÉ
Polyadenylation of mRNA is a post-transcriptional phenomenon and is catalysed by both nuclear and cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerases. In rat testis the specific activity of cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase increased with age reaching a peak value in 80 days. After this time the activity was maintained at a slightly lower level for the next 280 days. Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and a gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue significantly increased the enzyme activity in immature rat testis. These results show that testicular poly(A) polymerase was probably under the influence of gonadotropic hormones.
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Estradiol-induced incorporation of radioactive uridine and leucine into the uterus of rat was inhibited by simultaneous treatment with an analogue of gonadotropin releasing hormone. The inhibitory action of gonadotropin releasing hormone was not mediated through modulation of estradiol receptor content. However, estradiol-induced increase in the level of poly(A) polymerase was inhibited by gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue, indicating that the inhibitory effect might involve post-transcriptional phenomenon.