Study of Cervical PAP Smear in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Sepsis in elderly patients is a critical clinicalissue due to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The modernage cell counters precisely measure volume, size and internalstructure of the cell thereby assessing increase in volumeand cytoplasmic granularity of leukocytes as seen in casesof sepsis. The present study was done to evaluate the useof Volume Conductivity Scatter (VCS) parameters as earlyindicators of sepsis in elderly patients and to overcome theshortcomings of blood culture by using a more precise VCStechnology to assess morphologic changes in cell populationsin sepsis.Material and Method: The study included 51 patients abovethe age of 50 years which were divided into 2 groups Group1, patients with localised infection (n= 39) and Group 2 withsystemic infection (n=12). Group 3 included 30 controlswithout any signs of infection and with total leucocyte countand differential counts within normal limits. Coulter LH 750cellular analysis system was used.Result: Significant increase in both mean neutrophil volume(MNV) and mean monocyte volume (MMV) was reportedamong the patients with sepsis as compared to localizedinfections or control. With a cut off of 145 and 170 for MNVand MMV respectively, a sensitivity of 96% and 91.4% wasobtained in predicting sepsis.Conclusion: Both MNV and MMV have the potential to beused as early indicators of acute bacterial infections.

Study of Cytomorphology Patterns of Breast Lesions and their Correlation with Thyroid Profile Over a Period of One and Half Years in a Tertiary Care Centre of Malwa Region

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become an increasingly popular technique for assessment and initial diagnosis of breast lumps as it is the least invasive technique for obtaining a cytological diagnosis and is of high accuracy if done by experienced personnel. Thyroid hormone receptors affect both the normal breast cell differentiation and breast cancer cell proliferation, with effects of thyroid hormones similar to those caused by estrogens. Relationship between thyroid disease, such as nodular hyperplasia, hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer, with breast cancer was demonstrated in several studies. In the present study, we have evaluated the correlation of cytomorphological diagnosis of breast lesions with thyroid profile. Material and Methods: Total of 80 cases were included in the study and all necessary statistical analysis was done including the percentages, means, standard deviations, ranges and p values. Results: Triiodothyronine (T3) and Tetraiiodothryronine (T4) levels were statically significantly lower among participants with malignant breast lesions as compared to benign breast lesions.(p < 0.01).However mean values of both were normal in both these groups. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels among study participants with malignant breast lesions were statistically higher than those of benign breast lesions. However mean in both these groups was within normal range. Conclusion: No significant correlation between thyroid profile and breast lesions was established. But the effect of thyroid hormone on breast cancer clearly requires further research

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Neck Swellings

Introduction: Neck swellings are commonest incidentalfindings that are present in all age groups. Objective of thecurrent research was to study the diagnostic accuracy offine needle aspiration cytology in neck swellings keepinghistopathology as gold standard.Material and methods: This is a prospective study conductedfrom January 2017 to December 2017 comprising of 70 casesof neck lesions who underwent FNAC at Adesh HospitalBathinda. Histopathological diagnosis was considered asgold standard. Efficacy of FNAC was determined in termsof sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value, NegativePredictive value and diagnostic accuracy.Results: Sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value,Negative Predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were83.33%, 100%, 100%, 98.46% and 98.57%.Conclusion: FNAC should be treated as a first-line diagnostictest for neck swellings. As maximum number of cases ofhead and neck lesions are nonneoplastic, FNAC can avoidunnecessary surgeries.