RÉSUMÉ
Background: Poisoning and drug overdose is a common medical emergency for children. Majority of childhood poisonings are unintentional. To see the change in epidemiology and spectrum of poisoning in children during COVID period this study was conducted because COVID-19 has changed the mental, socioeconomical, education status of people which also effected mental health of children.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional observation study was done in 95 children aged 0-15 years over a period of two and half years at tertiary care centre of Uttarakhand.Results: Most common age group was affected was 1-5 years (44.21%). Most common poisonous substance intake was pesticides and insecticides 18.9% followed by medications 17.89%. Most of the children (44.21%) were asymptomatic at time of presentation and required only observation care.Conclusions: During COVID time medicine became more common after pesticides in developing country. This spectrum is close to studies done in developed countries. Family education, interaction with children, close vigilance and proper storage of poisonous substance is important to avoid such incidences.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction: Pathological bone formation into softtissues around the hip is known as heterotopic ossification.Osteogenic debris deposited while reaming the femur ispostulated mechanism.This pathological bone formation maybe linked to aggressive tissue handling during operation.The complex femoral diaphyseal fractures are difficult toreduce and this increases the probability of aggressive tissuehandling by operating surgeon. So we postulated that complexfractures of femoral diaphysis may possess an increased riskof heterotopic ossification.Material and Methods: Present retrospective study was doneon 45 patients in whom intramedullary interlocking nail wasdone during the period of 2015 to 2017 at Rohilkhand MedicalCollege. All fractures were diaphysial in location. All surgerieswere done by single orthopaedic surgeon. No preventivemeasures for heterotopic ossification were given. Evidence ofheterotopic ossification around trochanter and their relationwith the type of fracture were noted and classified accordingto Brumback Classification.Results: We found no ossification in 51% of cases. Mild grade-1and 2 ossifications were seen in only 36% and 11% patientsrespectively. Maximum number of grade-2 ossifications (4 outof 5) were seen in patients with comminuted fracture group.Grade-3 ossification was seen in only 1 patient of our sampleand that was comminuted fracture. We have not encounteredany grade-4 ossification.Conclusion: The overall incidence of heterotopic ossificationin our study sample was 49%. More severe grade ossifications(grade-2 and 3) have more predilection towards comminutedfracture variant.