Refractive errors among children aged 6-15 years playing video games

Background: A refractive error is an error in the focusing of light by the eye and a frequent reason for reduced visual acuity. The burden of uncorrected refractive errors among our population is large and as effective interventions are available, prompt identification can improve quality of life

Objective: To determine association between duration of playing video games and different types of refractive errors among children between age 06 to 15 Years

Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study 100 children [95 Male and 05 Female] were registered and vision of all the subjects were checked using a distance Snellens visual acuity chart. Retinoscopy and subjective refraction were done in the subjects having visual acuity less than 06/12 in one or both eyes. Questions regarding their habits of playing video games along with its duration were asked, with demographic features of each study subject

Results: Out of the 100 subjects, 18 were found to have refractive errors, mainly; myopia [72.22%], hyperopia [16.7%] and astigmatism [11.1%]. Our study showed no significant relation of refractive error with their habit of playing different types of video games. However, there was significant relation between refractive error and duration of playing video games

Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a significant association between refractive errors and duration of playing video games in children, and this relation needs to be further explored on large scale

Visual outcome after penetrating keratoplasty

Background: penetrating keratoplasty [PKP] is a surgical procedure in which surgical replacement of the host cornea with a donor cornea is performed. The term "allograft " is used if the donor is another person, and "autograft" if the tissue is taken from same subject. The important optical indications include keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, corneal degenerations, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, corneal scarring and corneal opacities resulting from infective and non-infective causes

Objectives: to evaluate visual outcome after penetrating keratoplasty [PKP]

Patients and methods: this interventional, quasi-experimental study was conducted at corneal unit of Lyton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust [LRBT] Eye Hospital Lahore from March 21st 2005 to January 21st 2007. 50 eyes of 50 patients were selected. Best corrected Visual acuity [BCVA] was checked and compared preoperatively and postoperatively with Snellen acuity charts

Results: 11 [22 %] treated eyes had visual acuity >/= 6/18, 32[64%] eyes had between 6/60 to 6/24 and 7[14%] eyes had

Conclusion: PKP is a good surgical procedure to restore visual acuity of selected patients with corneal opacities utilizing proper material and optimal surgical techniques