Human Spleen-a Study Of Its Morphological Variations

Background: Spleen is a large encapsulated mass of vascular and lymphoid tissue. Clinically, study of spleen isimportant in immunological and haematological disorders. The purpose of the study is to analyse themorphological variations of spleen and to compare them with previous studies.Materials and methods: The present study was carried out with 35 spleens at the Department of Anatomy,Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur and the various morphological variationswere observed.Results: Out of the 35 spleens studied, 6 spleens were tetrahedral, 12 spleens were triangular, 15 spleens werewedge shaped and 2 spleens were oval shaped. The mean length was 10.91cm, the mean breadth was 6.7cm andthe mean width was 4.9cm.Conclusions: 35 normal spleens were studied and their shapes, lengths, breadths, widths were analysed

Incidence of Third Head of Biceps Brachii in Indian Population.

Background: The biceps brachii is one of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm. It is characteristically described as a two-headed muscle that originates proximally by a long head and a short head. The present study was carried out to find the occurrence of a third head of biceps brachii among a sample Indian population. Materials and Methods: The arms of 35 adult cadavers were dissected and observed for variations in the origin and insertion of biceps brachii muscle bilaterally. Results: Among the 70 arms studied, three had 3-headed biceps brachii, 2 on the left and 1 on the right side. All the third heads were of humeral origin, which inserted into the radial tuberosity by a common tendon with the long and short heads. Conclusion: Knowledge of the existence of the third head of biceps brachii may enhance pre-operative evaluation, facilitate surgical intervention within the arm and improve postoperative outcomes.