The influence of endoscopic procedures upon the contamination of Helicobacter pylori cultures

RACIONAL E OBJETIVOS: Dentre os vários métodos diagnósticos empregados na detecção da infecção por Helicobacter pylori, o diagnóstico histológico e a análise microbiológica de biopsia gástrica são consideradas as técnicas mais sensíveis. Entretanto, a sensibilidade da cultura de H. pylori pode ser reduzida pela presença de outras bactérias. Desse modo, avaliou-se a eficácia da desinfecção do endoscópio e a influência dos procedimentos endoscópicos na contaminação da cultura bacteriana. Para tal, as duas primeiras endoscopias durante 28 dias consecutivos foram estudadas. A sala de endoscopia, o fórceps e o canal do endoscópio foram analisados antes e depois do início dos procedimentos endoscópicos rotineiros. Depois da desinfecção, uma simulação de coleta de biopsia foi realizada para verificar a presença das bactérias gástricas. RESULTADOS: A desinfecção do endoscópio foi capaz de remover todos os organismos do fórceps e do canal do endoscópio. As bactérias não-H. pylori mais freqüentemente detectadas foram Streptococcus bovis, Enterobacter hormaechei e Staphylococcus aureus. Em alguns casos a sensibilidade da cultura do H. pylori foi reduzida pela presença de bactérias contaminantes. CONCLUSAO: Não houve risco de transmissão de microorganismos quando fórceps esterilizados e desinfecção adequada foram empregadas. A presença de S. bovis e E. hormaechei parece ser comum na microflora gástrica; por outro lado, a detecção de P. aeruginosa e S. aureus indica que a manipulação de biopsias pode ser responsável pela contaminação da cultura por essas bactérias.

Valvoplastia mitral percutânea com a técnica do balão único. Resultados imediatos, complicaçoes e evolução intra-hospitalar / Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty with the single balloon technique. Short-term results, complications and in-hospital follow-up

PURPOSE: To study the short-term results, complication and in-hospital follow-up of 268 percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) procedures performed with the low-profile monofoil balloon (LPMB) technique from 1990 to 1995. METHODS: A single 30mm balloon diameter was used in 247 (92.9) procedures, a single 25mm balloon diameter in 9 (3.3), a single 25mm balloon followed by a single 30mm balloon diameter in 7 (2.6) and in 5 procedures a balloon was not used. The mean age group was 36 +/- 12 years. Two hundred nineteen (81.7) procedures were performed in women (mean age 36 +/- 12 years) and 49 (18.3) in men (mean age, 35 +/- 14 years) (p = 0.78). Patients were in functional class II (NYHA) in 39 (14.5), class III in 198 (73.9) and class IV in 31 (11.6). Patients were in sinus rhythm in 228 (85.1) procedures and in atrial fibrillation in 40 (14.9). The echocardiographic score ranged from 4 to 14 (mean 7.2 +/- 1.5). RESULTS: There were 256 complete procedures, 249 of which were successful (mitral valve area (MVA) > or = 1.5cm2 after PMBV). Echocardiographic calculated MVA before PMBV was 0.9 +/- 0.2cm2. Hemodynamic calculated MVA before PMBV was 0.9 +/- 0.2cm2 and after was 2.0 +/- 0.4cm2 (p < 0.000001). Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 40 +/- 15mmHg to 28 +/- 10mmHg (p < 0.000001) and mitral mean gradient from 20 +/- 7mmHg to 5 +/- 4mmHg (p < 0.000001). In the 256 complete procedures mitral valve (MV) was competent in 214 and there was 1+ mitral regurgitation (MR) in 42. After PMBV, MV was competent in 166 and there was 1+ MR in 68, 2+ in 16, 3+ in 5 and 4+ MR in 1. There were complications in 14 (5.2) procedures, severe MR in 6 (3 or 4+), stroke in 2 and cardiac tamponade in 6. Two patients died during emergency cardiac surgery after left ventricular perforation and 1 after stroke. CONCLUSION: PMBV with the LPMB was an effective procedure with a high success rate and a low rate of complications as the more usual double-balloon and Inoue balloon techniques.