Intervencionismo musculoesquelético en cuidados paliativos / Musculoskeletal interventionism on palliatives cares

El presente estudio descriptivo da cuenta de resultados en aplicación de intervencionismo para alivio del dolor musculoesquelético en enfermos con diagnóstico de cáncer terminal, pero que se mantienen activos, e ingresados a Unidad de Alivio del Dolor y Cuidados Paliativos del Hospital del Salvador en Santiago de Chile, entre los meses de julio del 2010 a marzo del 2011. Los principales diagnósticos causantes de dolor musculoesquelético fueron síndrome miofascial, artrosis y ambos diagnósticos combinados. Las técnicas usadas fueron infiltración de punto gatillo, infiltración intra-articular, o ambas. Los resultados mostraron disminución estadísticamente significativa en la intensidad del dolor en forma global en escala numérica, así como al analizar según tipo de intervención por separado. La media de duración del efecto fue de un mes en el caso de infiltración de puntos gatillo. Este tiempo podría constituir una ventana analgésica en pacientes con sobrevida limitada y controlaría el alza de analgésicos. Cuando el DME está presente, el uso de terapia intervencionista para DME podría ser una herramienta útil en Cuidados Paliativos, pero se requieren mayores estudios con mejor diseño estadístico para poder obtener conclusiones con mayor nivel de seguridad.

This descriptive study gives an account of results of interventionism implementation to the relief of musculoskeletal pain in patients that were diagnosed with terminal cancer; but have retained activity level, which are given they state of health at the Unit Pain Relief And Palliative Care at Hospital del Salvador in Santiago, Chile between the months of July 2010 to March 2011. The main causes of musculoskeletal pain diagnoses were Myofascial pain syndrome, arthritis and both combined conditions. The techniques used were trigger point infiltration, intra-articular joint infiltration or both together. The results showed statistical significant decrease in pain intensity on a numerical scale global, as well as the analysis by the type of separately intervention. The mean duration of effect was about a month in the case of infiltration of trigger points, this time window could be a survival analgesic in patients with limited and control the rise of analgesics. When the DME is present, the use of interventional therapy for DMA could be useful tool in palliative care, but require larger studies with better statistical design in order to draw conclusions with greater security.

Uso de oxicodona en manejo del dolor por cáncer avanzado / Use of oxycodone in management of advanced cancer pain

Introducción: Estudio descriptivo que busca evaluar la experiencia de nuestra Unidad con uso de oxicodona, opioide, con perfil de analgesia similar a morfina, en pacientes con dolor por cáncer avanzado. Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia analgésica de oxicodona (de liberación controlada), perfil de paciente, dosis utilizadas y efectos adversos descritos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo. Revisión de fichas de pacientes tratados con oxicodona durante años 2009 y 2010 en UADyCP. Respuesta analgésica estimada con test de Wilcoxon. Estadística descriptiva en resto de las variables. Evaluación de dolor según Escala Numérica de rango 0 a 10. Resultados: Muestra 64 pacientes: 34 mujeres y 30 hombres. Edad promedio 59,5 años. Tipo dolor: somático (53 por ciento), visceral (19 por ciento), neuropático (5 por ciento), mixto (23 por ciento). Tiempo medio de uso oxicodona: 3,2 meses. EVA 8 (5-9) antes del inicio de oxicodona. EVA 3 (2-8) con oxicodona (p<0,0005). La dosis promedio utilizada fue de 40mg/día (20-80mg/día). 44 pacientes con efectos adversos: náuseas (22 por ciento), constipación (18 por ciento ), prurito (15 por ciento) anorexia (13 por ciento). 31 por ciento se encontraba en tratamiento previo con opioides débiles, 62 por ciento con metadona o morfina. 7 por ciento recibió oxicodona como terapia inicial. Las principales razones para el cambio de oxicodona fueron mal control analgésico (54 por ciento), necesidad de uso de medicamentos vía subcutánea (29 por ciento), intolerancia al medicamento (17 por ciento). Conclusiones: Oxicodona permite adecuado control analgésico. Dosis utilizadas son inferiores a las descritas en la literatura y su perfil de efectos adversos es similar a otros opioides. Constituye alternativa en intolerancia a morfina o rotación de opioides.

Introduction: Descriptive study that seeks to evaluate the experience of our unit with the use of oxycodone, an opioid with a profile similar to morphine, in patients with advanced cancer pain. Objective: to evaluate analgesic efficacy of oxycodone (controlled release), patient profile, doses and adverse effects. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective study. Review records of patients treated with oxycodone during 2009 and 2010. Analgesic response estimated with Wilcoxon test. Descriptive statistics on other variables. Assessment of pain by numeric scale range 0 to 10.Results: 64 patients. 34 women and 30 men were analyzed Mean age 59.5 years. Type of Pain: Somatic (53 per cent), visceral (19 per cent) neuropathic (5 per cent) mixed (23 per cent). Average time of oxycodone use: 3.2 months . Average VAS before starting Oxycodone 8 (5-9). Average VAS with oxycodone 3 (2-8) (p <0.0005). The average dose used was 40mg/day (20-80mg/day). Adverse effects: in 44 patients: nausea (22 per cent), constipation (18 per cent), pruritus (15 percent), anorexia (13 per cent). 31 per cent patients were using weak opioids previously, 62 per cent was using methadone or morphine. 7 per cent received oxycodone as initial therapy. The main reasons for discontinue the use of oxycodone were poorly controlled pain (54 percent), need for subcutaneous drug use (29 per cent) drug intolerance (17 per cent). Conclusions: Oxycodone allows adequate pain control. Doses used were lower that the described in the literature and its adverse effect profile is similar to other opioids. Alternative in intolerance to morphine or opioid rotation.

Violencia doméstica y sexualidad / Domestic violence and sexuallity

Background: women's reproductive health is closely related to the conditions in which intercourse is carried out with the sexual partner. Physical and emotional abuse is expressed as loss of bonds, reduction in self esteem and deterioration in interpersonal relationships. Aim: to assess the effects of domestic violence on pregnant women attitudes towards sexual relations with their partners, and to critically analyze the dependence of these variables on biosociodemographic factors, socioeconomic status and family functioning. Material and methods: sixty three pregnant women with a domestic violence background (index group) and 43 women without such background (control group) were subjected to a structured survey including questions about biosociodemographic variables, socioeconomic status, family relations, couple interactions and questions about attitudes towards sexual relations. Results: domestic violence was caused by the woman's partner or ex partner in 73 percent of cases. A greater family dysfunction and disturbance in the couple's relation was observed in the index group (p< 0,05). Association tests and multiple correspondence analysis did not show a clear correspondence between variables related to a woman's attitude towards sex relations and the risk of domestic violence. Conclusions: this quantitative methodology was unable to identify the reasons, interpretations and meanings that women with a background of violence, give to features associated with their sexuality