Résumé
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La rabdomiólisis es un síndrome causado por una lesión en las fibras musculares que produce la liberación de componentes intracelulares (mioglobina, creatinfosfocinasa, aldolasa y lactato deshidrogenasa; electrolitos) hacia el espacio extracelular y la circulación sanguínea, lo que resulta en complicaciones graves (alteraciones cardiovasculares, edema cerebral y muerte). Existen pocos casos reportados de rabdomiólisis durante el embarazo, los informes descritos en la bibliografía se enfocan en infecciones y alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 28 años, primigesta, que inició con alteraciones musculares luego de un cuadro infeccioso, en la semana 18 del embarazo, por lo que se le practicaron estudios para encontrar la causa del desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico (determinación de hipocalemia), con elevación súbita de creatinfosfocinasa. El urocultivo resultó positivo a Escherichia coli. El tratamiento consistió en reposición hidroelectrolítica, con administración de potasio ajustado a los requerimientos de la paciente, antibiótico y aporte nutricional, con alta hospitalaria a los dos días. Continuó en control prenatal y en la semana 32.2 tuvo preeclampsia, por lo que se decidió efectuar cesárea, de la que se obtuvo un recién nacido masculino, de 2395 g, Apgar 9/9, con evolución satisfactoria de la madre y su hijo. CONCLUSIONES: El embarazo es un estado fisiológico que implica mayor susceptibilidad de infecciones o complicaciones asociadas con desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico. Es importante considerar la rabdomiólisis durante el embarazo; el diagnóstico se establece mediante examen clínico y estudios de laboratorio.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome, caused by injury to the muscle fiber, which produces the release of intracellular components such as myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase, electrolytes, into the extracellular space and blood circulation, which can cause serious complications. such as cardiovascular disorders, cerebral edema and death. There are few reported cases of rhabdomyolysis in pregnancy, the reports described in the literature have been associated with infections and hydroelectrolytic changes. The clinical case is presented due to the importance of the repercussion to the maternal-fetal binomial, since it can result in a serious outcome. CLINICAL CASE: The case of a primiparous pregnant patient is presented, who debuted with clinical symptoms accompanied by muscular alterations after an infection, in week 18 of gestation, for which a study protocol was requested with the finding of hydroelectrolyte imbalance, of the hypokalemia type, with sudden elevation of creatine phosphokinase. A positive urine culture for Escherichia coli was found. Management with hydroelectrolyte replacement was indicated, with potassium replacement adjusted to requirements, antibiotic, and nutritional contribution, with hospital discharge after 2 days. Prenatal control was continued and at week 32.2 she presented preeclampsia, which is why a cesarean section was decided, a male weighing 2395 g, Apgar 9/9, with satisfactory evolution of the binomial was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy is more susceptible to infections or complications associated with hydroelectrolyte imbalances, rhabdomyolysis can occur in pregnancy, and it is important not to rule it out, its diagnosis can be made clinically and through laboratory tests.