Résumé
ABSTRACT: The postoperative analgesic effect of Arnica montana (Arnica) was compared to morphine and ketoprofen in 50 cats following hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (HSO). Cats were randomly allocated to five groups (n=10) and were treated 30 minutes before surgery and over 72 hours with 1ml of Arnica 30x per subcutaneous (SC) route (GA30SC); Arnica 30x per oral transmucosal route (P.O.) (GA30PO); Arnica 6x P.O. (GA6PO); morphine 0.1mg kg-1 SC (GM) SID or ketoprofen 2mg kg-1 SC (GK) before and 1mg kg-1 after surgery. Sedation and postoperative pain were assessed by means of a dynamic and interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) and variable count scale (VCS) and hyperalgesia using an esthesiometer. Whenever the VAS and VCS scores attained 33% of the maximum value, rescue analgesia was performed with morphine 0.3mg kg-1 per the intramuscular (IM) route. Other variables assessed were vomiting, defecation, urination, body weight and wound healing. Vomiting only occurred in animals treated with morphine. The groups did not differ in defecation, urination, body weight or wound healing. Hyperalgesia was detected only on the occasions that the criterion for rescue analgesia was met. One animal in GK and one in GM required rescue analgesia, differing from groups GA30SC, GA30PO and GA6PO, in which 4, 4 and 5 animals, respectively, required rescue analgesia. It can be concluded that ketoprofen and morphine were more efficacious than Arnica and that there was no difference among the various potencies and routes of administration of Arnica for postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing HSO.
RESUMO: Comparou-se o efeito analgésico de Arnica em relação à morfina ou cetoprofeno, no período pós-operatório, de 50 gatas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH). As gatas foram divididas em cinco grupos (n=10) e tratadas aleatoriamente 30 minutos antes da cirurgia por 72 horas com 1ml de Arnica 30D por via subcutânea (SC) (GA30SC); Arnica 30D por via oral (VO) (GA30VO); Arnica 6D VO (GA6VO); 0,1mg kg-1 de morfina SC (GM) TID ou 2mg kg-1 de cetoprofeno SC (GC) antes e 1mg kg-1 após a cirurgia SID. Foram avaliadas a sedação e a dor pós-operatória, por meio de escala analógica visual (EAV), escala de contagem variável (ECV) e hiperalgesia, esta última pelo estesiômetro. Quando os escores da ECV e EAV atingiram 33% do valor máximo, realizou-se resgate analgésico com 0,3mg kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular (IM). Observou-se ocorrência de vômito, defecação, micção, alteração de peso e a cicatrização. Exceto nos animais tratados com morfina, não houve vômito. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para defecação, micção, peso e cicatrização. A hiperalgesia foi observada apenas nos momentos do resgate analgésico. Um animal de GC e um de GM receberam resgate analgésico, o que diferiu dos grupos GA30SC, GA30VO e GA6VO, onde, respectivamente, 4, 4 e 5 animais necessitaram resgate analgésico. Conclui-se que o cetoprofeno e a morfina foram mais eficazes que a Arnica e que, quanto à Arnica, não houve diferença nem entre as dinamizações e entre as vias SC e oral para analgesia de gatas submetidas à OSH.
Résumé
PURPOSE: To verify the effects of different catecholamines on volemic expansion and on the autonomic nervous system in rabbits that were subjected to hemorrhage. METHODS: Twenty four rabbits subjected to hemorrhage (with a 25% loss of blood volume) and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: 1) HEMO Group underwent replacement with their own blood in an equal volume; 2) SS Group underwent replacement with saline solution (SS) in a volume that corresponded to three times the removed blood volume; 3) ISP Group underwent replacement with SS and isoprenaline; 4) FNL Group underwent replacement with SS and phenylephrine. Spectral Analysis of the heart rate and heart rate variability were performed from the recorded data. Hematocrit was measured throughout the experiment. RESULTS: Replacement with SS and an α- or β-agonist did not produce differences in the intravascular retention compared to replacement with SS alone. An analysis of HRV showed that the FNL group maintained the LF/HF ratio better than ISP and SS. CONCLUSIONS: No difference in vascular retention when α- or β- agonists were added to SS during post-hemorrhagic recovery. The animals in the FNL group maintained the integrity of the autonomic response within normal physiological standards during hemorrhagic stress. .