Current status of exclusive breastfeeding for the second child and factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding in the context of the universal two-child policy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the current status of exclusive breastfeeding for the second child in the context of the universal two-child policy and the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A self-designed questionnaire for the current status of breastfeeding and related factors influencing breastfeeding for the second child were used to survey 836 mothers with a second child, who were selected by cluster sampling, in Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 680 usable questionnaires were obtained. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the second child was significantly lower than for the first child (34.9% vs 42.2%; P<0.05). The univariate analysis revealed that there were significant differences between the exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding groups in the mother′s age, education background, occupation and time of maternity leave, mode of delivery of the first child, sex of the first child, feeding pattern of the first child, mode of delivery of the second child, whether the second child was admitted to the intensive care unit, whether the father supported breastfeeding, and whether the grandmother/maternal grandmother supported breastfeeding (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that artificial feeding+partial breastfeeding for the first child (OR=12.286, P<0.05), cesarean section for the second child (OR=1.724, P<0.05), and having no breastfeeding support from the maternal grandmother (OR=1.651, P<0.05) were main factors for influencing exclusive breastfeeding.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The current status of exclusive breastfeeding for the second child is not optimistic in the context of the universal two-child policy. Education about breastfeeding should be taken seriously at the birth of the first child, the rate of cesarean section should be reduced, and the family members should support exclusive breastfeeding, in order to improve the status of exclusive breastfeeding.</p>

The exploration of the academic thought of external treatment master-Wu ShiJi / 中国针灸

To explore Wu Shiji's academic thought, his external treatment method were arranged and summarized, such as treatment based on triple energizer differentiation, the theory of plaster heals various disease and the combination of the application of acupuncture, moxibustion and plaster etc. It has been proved that Wu's external treatment had compiled all the advantages of each school of Chinese medicine before his era, rich in content and convenient to use. So it values highly in clinical practice and has provided great convenience for the modern clinical research of external treatment.

Is it necessary to stent renal artery stenosis patients before cardiopulmonary bypass procedures? / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor prognosis after cardiopulmonary bypass. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether stent implantation before cardiopulmonary bypass has beneficial effect on development of AKI in renal artery stenosis (RAS) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this retrospective study, patients with abnormal baseline serum creatinine (SCr, > 106 µmol/L) were not included. Included patients (n = 69) were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 31 RAS patients receiving no stent implantation before cardiopulmonary bypass. Group 2 included 38 RAS patients having received stent implantation just before cardiopulmonary bypass. To assess AKI after cardiopulmonary bypass, serum urea nitrogen, SCr and creatinine clearance were recorded at baseline, at the end of operation, during the first and second postoperative 24 hours.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Serum urea nitrogen, SCr, creatinine clearance before and after cardiopulmonary bypass were also similar class groups. Incidence of AKI in group 1 was not significantly different from group 2. In group 1, AKI defined by RIFLE between occurred in 7 (22.6%) patients: 5 (16.1%) with RIFLE-R, 2 (6.5%) with RIFLE-I, and no patients with RIFLE-F. In group 2, 10 patients (26.3%) had an episode of AKI during hospitalization: 6 (15.8%) had RIFLE-R, 4 (10.5%) had RIFLE-I, and no patients had RIFLE-F.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are no data suggesting that it is necessary to stent RAS patients with normal SCr before cardio-pulmonary bypass. However, it cannot be concluded that RAS is not associated with AKI after cardiopulmonary bypass.</p>