[ role of family of origin in differentiation of self and marital conflicts]

Introduction: Multi-generational family theory suggests that individuals acquire a foundation for interpersonal relationships in their families of origin. Current marital difficulties are seen as extensions of relationship problems in the spouses' original families. Thus, the aim of this research was to examine the role of family of origin in differentiation of self and marital conflict

Methods: 207 married students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj from nursing and midwifery department were selected via single cluster sampling method and answered to three questionnaires such as family of origin [FOS], Barati and Sanaei marital conflicts and differentiation of self [DSI-R]. For Data analysis Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis and independent T-test were performed

Results: Results showed that there was a negative significant correlation between family of origin function and its components and marital conflicts [P>0.01]. There was a negative significant correlation between marital conflicts and differentiation of self [P>0.01]. There also was a positive significant correlation between family of origin function and its components and differentiation of self [P>0.01]. Also, T-test results indicate a significant difference between marital conflicts and differentiation in healthy and unhealthy family functioning [P>0.01]

Conclusion: The results of current research indicated that there was a significant correlation among family of origin function and its components, marital conflicts and differentiation of self and healthy family of origin functioning associated with decrease in marital conflict and increase in differentiation of self

Aluminum phosphate shows more adjuvanticity than Aluminum hydroxide in recombinant hepatitis-B vaccine formulation

Although a number of investigation have been carried out to find alternative adjuvants to aluminum salts in vaccine formulations, they are still extensively used due to their good track record of safety, low cost and proper adjuvanticity with a variety of antigens. Adsorption of antigens onto aluminum compounds depends heavily on electrostatic forces between adjuvant and antigen. Commercial recombinant protein hepatitis B vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant is facing low induction of immunity in some sections of the vaccinated population. To follow the current global efforts in finding more potent hepatitis B vaccine formulation, adjuvanticity of aluminum phosphate has been compared to aluminum hydroxide. The adjuvant properties of aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate in a vaccine formulation containing a locally manufactured hepatitis B [HBs] surface antigen was evaluated in Balb/C mice. The formulations were administered intra peritoneally [i.p.] and the titers of antibody which was induced after 28 days were determined using ELISA technique. The geometric mean of antibody titer [GMT], seroconversion and seroprotection rates, ED50 and relative potency of different formulations were determined. All the adjuvanicity markers obtained in aluminum phosphate formulation were significantly higher than aluminum hydroxide. The geometric mean of antibody titer of aluminum phosphate was approximately three folds more than aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum phosphate showed more adjuvanticity than aluminum hydroxide in hepatitis B vaccine. Therefore the use of aluminum phosphate as adjuvant in this vaccine may lead to higher immunity with longer duration of effects in vaccinated groups