[Nasal carriage rate of staphylococcus aureus in hospital personnel and inpatients and antibiotic pattern of isolated strains from nasal and clinical specimens in Tabriz]

Staphylococcus aureus is known as an important pathogen causing a variety of bacterial infections. Treatment of this bacterium with antibiotics has led to antibiotic-resistance, especially against methicillin [MRSA] and more recently rare resistance against vancomycin [VISA and VRSA]. MRSA strains compared to MSSA strains are resistant to most of the antibiotics in routine use. Aims of this study were to determine nasal carriage rate of S. aureus in hospital personnel and inpatients and to determine antibiotic-resistance patterns in the above mentioned isolates in the same hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from nose of 460 hospital personnel and inpatients [160 strains] and from clinical specimens [46 strains] in Imam Khomeini and Children medical centers in a 6 month period were studied in 2005. Antibiotic sensitivity of the collected strains were tested against 13 antibiotics used in routine treatment of S. aureus infections. Oxacillin agar was also used to screen for MRSA. Our results showed 34.7% nasal carrier rate for S. aureus in hospital personnel and patients studied. Seventy seven isolates were able to grow on oxacillin agar, indicating 37.4% MRSA strains. MRSA strains were also resistant to 4-11 antibiotics tested in this study, but MSSA strains, which were resistant to penicillin G [100%], mainly showed sensitivity to other test antibiotics. All of the MRSA and MSSA strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Generally, the resistance to methicillin was higher in clinical isolates compared to isolates recovered from nose [p< 0.001]. In this study, all of the test isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, which necessitates more caution in using this valuable antibiotic. Screening of hospital personnel and in-patients will better control the incidence of this important bacterium and use of molecular methods in detection of them, especially screening for mecA gene will provide some measures in control of hospital acquired infections

Detection of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool samples for diagnosis of infection in children

The study evaluated a non-invasive antigen test of stool samples for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children compared with histopathology of gastric biopsies [gold standard]. The study included 96 children aged 1-5 years old with dyspeptic symptoms referred for endoscopy at Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran from May 2003 to March 2004. Of 62 children who were positive by histology, 34 were H. pylori stool antigen positive and of 34 patients with negative histology, 27 had negative stool test. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were low [54.8% and 79.4% respectively] compared with the gold standard and the positive and negative predictive values were 82.9% and 49.9%. However, the test may be useful for mass screening for H. pylori