[ analytical review on methods for the isolation and determination of glycyrrhizic acid from glycyrrhiza glabra]

Glycyrrhiza glabra [Licorice] is a perennial shrub belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is widely used in food; pharmaceutical products and tobacco industry because of its important secondary metabolites. Due to worldwide uses of licorice, it has significant role in export. One of the main bioactive compounds of the root is glycyrrhizic acid [GA] which is a saponine containing three carboxyl and five hydroxyl groups. Glycyrrhizic acid is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic remedy for the treatment of bronchial asthma, eczemas and other diseases. There are different methods for separation, purification, and analysis of glycyrrhizic acid [GA] from licorice roots. Most accepted technologies of them include using of solvents, water separation, polymeric macro porous resin and non-ionic surfactants. Also, high-performance liquid chromatography technique is the most important in analysis of GA

[ review on medicinal plant of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.]

Glycyrrhiza glabra L [Licorice] as native and pasture medicinal plant has most important export rule. Glycyrrhizic acid [GA] or Glycyrrhizin as a main active component of licorice root and rhizomes, is a triterpenoid saponin claimed to be up to 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose and to be used in pharmaceuticals, food and tobacco industry. Licorice root is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. A large number of components have been isolated from licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones, with glycyrrhizic acid normally being considered to be the main biologically active component. Understanding of the limitations and challenges in the medicinal plant are need for planning principles for development activities and conservation in this field.In this review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics data, together with the clinical as one of the most important herbs in exports and adverse effects of licorice

Comparison of removed dentin thickness with hand and rotary instruments

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of dentine removed after canal preparation using stainless steel [SS] hand instruments or rotary ProFile instruments.Thirty-six extracted human teeth with root canal curvatures less than 30? were embedded in clear polyester resin. The roots were cut horizontally at apical 2, 4 and 7 mm. Dentin thickness was measured at each section and the sections were accurately reassembled using a muffle. Root canals were randomly prepared by SS hand instruments or rotary ProFile instruments. Root sections were again separated, and the remaining dentin thickness was measured. Mann-Whitney U and t tests were performed for analytic comparison of the results. The thickness of removed dentin was significantly different between the two used methods [P < 0.05]. Significantly greater amounts of dentin was removed mesially in all sections in hand instrumentation group [P < 0.001].ProFile rotary instrumentation prepares root canals with a greater conservation of tooth structure

Adverse events of trivalent influenza vaccine among health care workers in Iran

To assess the frequency and type of adverse events after influenza vaccination in Iranian adults. Health care workers in 7 medical centers received the influenza vaccine from October 2006 to February 2007 and followed by phone regarding symptoms experienced after vaccination. Of 897 adults who participated in the study, local and systemic reactions were reported by 187 [20.8%] and 98 [22.1%] persons, respectively. The most common local reaction was pain [20.2%], while myalgia [15.8%] was the most common systemic reaction. One case of Guillain-barre syndrome was reported. Inactivated influenza vaccine administration did not result in potential adverse events in healthy adults

[Lymphoid papillary hyperplasia in palatine tonsils]

Lymphoid papillary hyperplasia is a rare benign lesion of the palatine tonsils with a papillary surface configuration so atypical which could clinically be mistaken for a carcinoma or papilloma. The following report describes a 7 year old girl with papillomatous lesions of both palatine tonsils

[Prevalence of different types of orbital tumors at Labafinejad Hospital]

Purpose: to determine the relative prevalence of different types of orbital tumors at labafinejad hospital, Tehran-Iran

Methods: we reviewed the hospital records of 267 patients with orbital tumors who were operated during 1981-2001. Age, sex, and pathologic reports of orbital tumors were evaluated

Results: cystic lesions accounted for 61 cases [23%], inflammatory masses for 19 cases [7%], lacrimal fossa lesions for 33 [12%], secondary orbital tumors for 73 cases [27%], lymphoid tumors and leukemic infiltrates for 21 [8%], vasogenic lesions for 15 [5.5%], peripheral nerve tumors for 7 [3%], optic nerve and meningeal tumors for 2 [1%], rhabdomyosarcoma for 9 [3%], myxomatous and adipose lesions for 4 [1.5%], metastatic tumors for 4 [1.5%], and histiocytic and related lesion for 1 [0.5%]

Conclusion: secondary and metastatic tumors were the most prevalent tumors in this study and there was no report of melanocytic, osseous, or cartilaginous tumors