Clinico-pathological findings of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxaemia in goats and its hemolytic activity in different erythrocytes

The present investigation was conducted to study the effects of experimental Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxaemia in teddy goats. Clinical signs started to appear after 30 min of experimental infection like anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, frothing and dyspnea. Gross lesions consisted of severe congestion in tissues of varying intensity with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes while histological examination revealed edema of lungs, kidney, and lymph nodes and to some extent in brain along with hemorrhages in lungs and intestines. Clostridium perfringens type D carrying alpha and epsilon toxin genes were amplified with amplicon size about 247 bp and 665 bp, respectively. Human erythrocytes showed the highest hemolysis, 68%, followed by mice, 57%, against culture supernatants. The percentage of hemolysis was significantly higher at 37[degree]C as compared to 25[degree]C except for rabbit and dog

Diagnostic evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology in the management of palpable breast lesions

A total of 113 fine needle aspirates of the breast masses were evaluated in which the subsequent biopsy or mastectomy specimen were also available for histological examination. The age ranged from 16 to 80 years with a mean of 42 years. In benign conditions the mean age was 34.7 years while in malignant cases it was 48 years. The cytological diagnoses were compared with the histological results which revealed that the specificity and sensitivity of fine needle aspiration cytology in the palpable breast lesions was 86.1% and 89.2% respectively with a positive predictive value of 93% and efficiency of 88.2%. Similar statistics from other series in which the cytological results of breast lesions were compared with histological results, revealed almost same results which suggest that fine needle aspiration cytology is an effective and accurate technique for the diagnosis and management of palpable breast lumps

Prevalence and pattern of tobacco use in rural area of Peshawar

2975 cases were studied in two villages of Peshawar District. 48.44% were found tobacco users. Out of these 43.79% were males whereas females were only 4.4%. Nasswar was being the most frequently used [64.5%] type of tobacco followed by chillum [17.5%]

Prevalence of anti-rubella antibodies in Hazara division

Two hundred and twenty five school going girls belonging to three districts of Hazara Division, Pakistan were sampled for rubella antibodies. Age range selected was 5 to 15 years. IgG was positive in 78.22% of cases and IgM in 24.44% of cases. The antibodies pattern and prevalence was the same in all the three districts. A clear increase of IgG was.seen up to the age of 11 years but between 12 and 15 years of age the increase of IgG was not very significant. This study reveals high prevalence of IgG [78.22%] up to the age of 15 years but still a very high figure of about 21.74% of girls remained susceptible to rubella at a critical period of child-bearing age [i.e. 15 years]. This is in contrast to the susceptible subjects of 1.1-4.2%in developed countries

Seroepidemiology of taxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant woman of Hazara

Five hundred and thirty females were screened for toxoplasma gondii antibodies during pregnancy. Their sera were analyzed for toxo-IgG and toxo-IgM antibodies by EIA technique. One hundred and ninety cases [35.8%] were positive for toxo-IgG, 26 cases [4.9%] were positive for toxo 1gM, and 12 cases [2.2%] were positive for both IgG and 1gM. Significant correlation was found between bad obstetrical history and toxo antibodies. There was significant correlation of toxo antibodies and contact with domestic animals. Correlation with other habits includes use of under-cooked meat. The data suggests that toxoplasmosis is not uncommon in our population and most of the cases are asymptomatic. Use of under-cooked meat should be avoided and those having contact with domestic animals must be regularly screened for toxoplasma gondii antibodies

Prevalence of hepatitis B carrier in hospital staff

Five hundred seventy eight health care workers were screened for Hepatitis B and 41 cases [7.1%] were found positive for HBsAg. The prevalence rate was highest among Laboratory staff, [6 cases: 18.2%] followed by dentistry staff [3 cases: 16.0%]. No carrier was detected among the staff working in radiology department. Only one case had a previous history of jaundice