[ effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oils on anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis]

All hemodialysis patients experience some degree of anxiety during hemodialysis. Anxiety increases morbidity and mortality. The aim of this research is to compare the effect of orange essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety of hemodialysis patients. In this clinical trial, sixty-two hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two groups: an orange oil group [n=31], and a usual care group [n=31]. In orange oil group, subjects inhaled orange oil using handkerchiefs smeared with orange oil for 15-20 minutes. This method was used three times a week for four weeks. In the usual care group, subjects received the routine care of the hemodialysis ward. The level of anxiety in the two groups was measured and compared before intervention, as well as after the first, second, third, and fourth weeks of intervention, using Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Before intervention, the mean state anxiety scores were 46.9 +/- 9.7 and 48.3 +/- 11.6 and the mean trait anxiety scores were 46.5 +/- 9.2 and 47.9 +/- 11.6 in orange oil and usual care groups, respectively. After intervention, the mean state anxiety scores were 35.9 +/- 8.7 and 45.1 +/- 1.7 and the mean trait anxiety scores were 36.0 +/- 10.0 and 45.6 +/- 11.8 in orange oil and usual care groups, respectively. In orange oil group, the level of state and trait anxiety decreased significantly compared with usual care group [p < 0.001]. Also, in orange oil group, the level of state and trait anxiety decreased significantly between the first, second, third, and fourth weeks of intervention [p < 0.05]. Orange oil aromatherapy can reduce state and trait anxiety in hemodialysis patients without important complications

survey of worry domains in student of Zabol universities in 2003

Worry, as a cognitive domain to anxiety, defined as a central feature of some clinical disorders. Worry plays an important role in psychopathology. Among general population, higher education students are experiencing worry in several domains, which can influence on their educational performance and social activities. In this study worry domains of Zabol public university students have been examined 362 students in seven faculty of 2003 academic year were randomly selected. All the students filled worry domains questionnaire. The result revealed that the hierarchy of student's worry domains could be placed under the following domains in descending order: 1 - future goals [82.3%]. 2-job [75.5%] 3- uncertainty [51%]. 4- financial conditon [66%] 5- relationship [56.6%]. According to the present findings Zabol public university students' main worry domain is aimless future and work. The implication to this study can be used in counseling centers and in future planning for students' mental health

[Impact of cognitive behaviour therapy on anxiety level of primary infertile women undergoing IUI]

Infertility and its numerous treatment programs create crisis in infertile women's life and is a potent source of anxiety. Since cognitive behavioural therapy might be efficacious for emotional aspect of infertility, therefore we designed a study for evaluation of cognitive behaviour therapy effect on anxiety level in primary infertile women undergoing IUI in Montaserieh Infertility Research Center from May to August 2001. In this randomized controlled clinical trial 110 women with primary infertility that were undergoing IUI for first time randomly were allocated to two groups of experimental and control. In first visit for IUI treatment [beginning of study] state and trait anxiety of all subjects were measured by Spiel Berger anxiety inventory. The experimental group completed a cognitive behaviour therapy program including cognitive restructuring and relaxation for 12-13 days. Control group received only routine cares. State and trait anxiety were measured in 30 minutes before and after IUI for two groups. Findings showed that state and trait anxiety scores in beginning of study were not significantly different between two groups. But state anxiety scores during and end of study were significantly different which there was more decrease in experimental group. Trait anxiety score were not significantly different at the beginning, before and end of study. The mean of difference state anxiety at beginning and during study and beginning and end of study was significantly different and beginning and end of study in two groups. Also the mean of difference between trait anxiety at beginning and during study and beginning and end of study was significantly different in two groups, while the mean of difference between trait anxiety during and end of study was not significant. The results of study showed that cognitive behaviour therapy is effective in reduction of anxiety in women undergoing IUI treatment, so we recommend securing psychological well being in women undergoing infertility treatment