Changes of blood and urine constituents in high school boys during one week intense summer baseball training / 体力科学

A study was carried out to confirm the present states of physical training and nutritional condition in sportsmen on the growing stage. Energy expenditure (EE), caloric intake (CI), food items, body weight, running distance for 12 min and hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and urine were measured in 17 high school boys during intense summer baseball training for seven days. EE was estimated from the records by direct observation of activities during the baseball training (RMR method), and CI was calculated from the dietary record supplied each subject for the seven observation day.<BR>Following results were obtained.<BR>1) The average EE was 55.4±7.5 kcal/kg/day, and the CI corresponded to 87.2% of the EE, although no significant reduction of body weight was observed at the termination of the training session.<BR>2) Running distance for 12 min gradually decreased.<BR>3) Significant decreases in serum TG, TP and Hgb concentrations, and a remarkable increase in CPK activity were observed on the 4 th and final days. Urinary excretion of phosphate, urea nitrogen and catecholamines also increased gradually.<BR>4) The greater the increase in negative energy balance (CI-EE), the greater the decrease in TG, TP and Hgb concentrations, and the greater the increase in serum CPK and urinary excretion of catecholamines.<BR>The present results suggest that greater intake of total energy, protein and fat is recommended for development of endurance capacity, baseball techniques and sound growth in occasion such as the present baseball training program in high school boys.

Effect of the difference of exercise intensity on the changes in ammonia and oxypurines / 体力科学

We investigated the effect of the difference of exercise intensity on the changes in ammonia and oxypurines (hypoxanthine·xanthine) . The subjects were 7 male university students who belonged to the Judo club. By using a bicycle ergometer with the same total work load (kpm), they performed following exercise : light exercise (27.1±0.8% HRmax), moderate exercise (72.6±2.5% HRmax) and exhaustive exercise. After light exercise, blood ammonia, serum oxypurines and urinary oxypurines excretion did not increase. Urinary uric acid excertion increased significantly, but serum uric acid decreased slightly. After moderate exercise, the significant increase was observed with blood ammonia (+ 35.3±5.9μmo<I>l</I>/<I>l</I>) . Urinary oxypurines excretion also increased significantly, while serum oxypurines did not change. Also, serum uric acid rose slightly. After exhaustive exercise, the significant increase was observed with blood ammonia, serum oxypurines and serum uric acid. Each peak level and appearance time were +67.2±15.1μmo<I>l</I>/<I>l</I> after 3 min, +31.4±7.6μmo<I>l</I>/<I>l</I> after 30 min, 155.7±39.9μmo<I>l</I>/<I>l</I> after 1 hr of exercise, respectively. These results suggest that AMP deamination occur during moderate intensity, while remarkable production of oxypurines which lead the increase of serum uric acid occur in higher exercise intensity.

BLOOD COMPONENTS OF MIDDLE AND OLD AGED RUNNERS IN MARATHON RUNNING / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of blood components of middle and old aged runners in marathon running. The results were as follows.<BR>1) Mean running time of marathon was 250 min. Some of subjects did last spurt.<BR>2) Change of body weight was -4.8%. RBC, Hct, and Hb were changed by -4.8%, -4.4%, and -4.7% respectively. The decrease of plasma volume was 7.8% according to Dill's method.<BR>3) Blood glucose was 112 mg/dl at rest and decreased to 70 mg/dl after running. The glucose level of five subjects was in range from 59 to 50 mg/dl.<BR>4) The increase of L.A. was 52%. The L.A. after running tended to correlate to the running speed at last spurt.<BR>5) T.G. significantly decreased after running. On the contrast, FFA increased by 323%. This increment of FFA correlated to mean running speed (r=0.681, P<0.05) .<BR>6) The increments of GOT, GPT, and LDH were 71%, 62%, and 61% respectively, The decreases of LDH-1, 2 and increases of LDH-4, 5 were found after running. Furthermore, AGOT and 4GPT correlated to the running speed at last spurt or L.A. after running.