Effect of vesical feedback on rate of urine formation demonstrated by infusing hypotonic and hypertonic saline into the urinary bladder of dogs.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the presence of solutions of different osmolality (hypertonic 3%, 4% and 5% hypotonic 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% in the urinary bladder on renal urine formation. The study was conducted on 36 dogs of either sex. 100 ml normal saline was used for distending the bladder. Various hypertonic and hypotonic solutions were infused inside the bladder and rate of urine formation was recorded. Presence of hypertonic fluid increased the rate of urine formation and hypotonic fluid decreased it.

Serum magnesium levels in chronic renal failure. Clinical significance and correlation with sodium potassium and calcium.

Fifty cases with chronic renal failure and 25 age and sex matched normal healthy controls were studied. The mean serum magnesium level was significantly higher (4.10 +/- 0.85 mg/dl) in the patients as compared to controls (2.40 +/- 0.14 mg/dl; p less than 0.001) and levels rose progressively with deterioration in renal function. Significantly higher serum magnesium levels were observed in patients of chronic renal failure with encephalopathy than in those without. Greater the impairment in level of consciousness, higher was the magnesium level. Improvement in neurological status correlated well with fall in serum magnesium level. The fall was significantly higher in patients on dialysis as compared to non-dialysed patients. Serum magnesium is a worthwhile tool in assessing duration of disease, morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. Its estimation may help in evaluating conservative treatment and dialysis in chronic renal failure.