Efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing oral SARS-COV-2 load: a review

Abstract Accumulated evidence has shown that the oral cavity may be an important reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Some authors have suggested that the use of mouthrinses could reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva. Thus, the aim of this review was to synthesize evidence about the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2. 2. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of different mouthrinses in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Various active ingredients have been tested in these trials: 0.5%,1% and 2% povidone-iodine, 0.2% and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.075% CPC with Zinc lactate, 1% and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 1.5% HP + 0.12% CHX and ß-cyclodextrin and citrox. The studies reported an intra-group reduction in the salivary levels of the virus, when compared with the baseline. However, the majority of these trials failed to demonstrate a significant inter-group difference between active groups and the control group relative to the decrease in salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Although promising, these results should be confirmed by larger trials.

Impact of aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis on oral health-related quality of life

Abstract The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of different forms of periodontal diseases on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Fifty-two patients with Aggressive Periodontitis (AP) or Chronic Periodontitis (CP) were included: nine patients with Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAP), thirty-three patients with Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis (GAP) and ten patients with Generalized Chronic Periodontitis (GCP). Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaires (OHIP-14) were distributed after a clinical examination that measured the following periodontal parameters: tooth loss, bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (REC) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The global OHIP-14 score means were 10.6 for LAP, 16.5 for GAP, and 17.5 for GCP. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed between the LAP group and the other two groups. There was significantly less bleeding and recession in the LAP group than in the patients with the generalized forms of periodontitis. LAP, GAP and GCP have an impact on patient quality of life when measured using the OHIP-14. Patients with GAP and GCP had poorer OHRQoL than LAP patients.

Pasta dental con fluoruro de amina en la prevención de caries dental: revisión de la literatura / Amine fluoride dentifrice in dental caries prevention: a literature review

Objetivos: Las pastas dentales con fluoruro de amina han sido propuestas como una alternativa superior a otras con distintos fluoruros debido a su estructura molecular. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión fue describir el mecanismo de acción de las pastas dentales que contienen fluoruro de amina, así como su papel dentro de los procesos de remineralización y la evaluación de su eficacia clínica en la prevención de la caries dental. Material y métodos: Dos investigadores realizaron búsquedas de forma independiente en las bases de dados electrónicas MEDLINE y EMBASE, sin restricción de fecha. Fueron incluidos solo estudios in vitro, in situ o ensayos clínicos controlados. Después de la lectura de los textos, fue realizada la extracción de datos. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo de los ensayos clínicos fue realizada por los mismos investigadores. Resultados: Estudios in vitro e in situ mostraron que el AmF redujo la desmineralización y promovió la remineralización. En algunos estudios, AmF promovió mayor remineralización que los otros tratamientos. Cuatro ensayos clínicos que fueron incluidos en esta revisión sugieren que existe cierta evidencia de la superioridad de las pastas dentales con fluoruro de amina con relación a la reducción en el incremento de caries, comparados con otros grupos control. Conclusión: Existe evidencia de que las pastas dentales que contienen fluoruro de amina actúan en el proceso de la caries dental disminuyendo la desmineralización, promoviendo la remineralización y reduciendo la formación de lesiones cavitadas. (AU)

Objective: Amine fluoride dentifrices have proposed as a superior alternative to other fluorides because of its molecular structure. Thus, the aim of this review was to describe the mechanism of action of tooth pastes containing amino fluorides, its effect in the remineralisation process and the evaluation of its clinical efficacy in the prevention of dental caries. Material and methods: A research in MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted independently by two researchers with no date restriction. In vitro, in situ or randomized controlled trials were included. After text reading data extraction was conducted. Risk of bias assessment was performed for the randomized trials. Results: In vitro and in situ studies observed that AmF reduced demineralization and increased remineralization. In some studies, AmF promoted greater remineralization tan the other treatments.Four randomized trials included in this review suggest that there is some evidence of superiority of the amine fluoride dentifrices in the reduction of caries increment, when compared to control groups. Conclusion: There is evidence that suggest that toothpastes containing amino fluoride have an impact on the process of dental caries, reducing demineralization, promoting remineralisation and reducing the formation of carious lesions. (AU)

Dentifrício com fluoreto de amina na prevenção de cárie dentária: uma revisão da literatura / Amine fluoride dentifrice in dental caries prevention: a literature review

Objetivos: Dentifrícios com fluoreto de amina têm sido propostos como uma alternativa superior a outros fluoretos devido à sua estrutura molecular. Assim, o objetivo dessa revisão foi descrever o mecanismo de ação dos dentifrícios contendo fluoreto de amina, assim como seu papel dentro dos processos de remineralização e a avaliação da sua eficácia clinica na prevenção da cárie dentária. Material e métodos: Dois investigadores pesquisaram de forma independente as bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE e EMBASE, sem restrição de data. Foram incluídos apenas estudos in vitro, in situ ou ensaios clínicos controlados. Após a leitura dos textos, foi feita a extração de dados. A avaliação do risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos foi realizada pelos mesmos investigadores. Resultados: Estudos in vitro e in situ mostraram que AmF reduziu a desmineralização e promoveu remineralização, sendo que em alguns estudos a remineralização foi maior no grupo que utilizou AmF. Quatro ensaios clínicos incluídos nessa revisão sugerem que existe alguma evidência de superioridade de dentifrícios com fluoreto de amina em relação a redução de incremento de cárie, comparados com os grupos controle. Conclusão: Existe evidência que dentifrícios contendo fluoreto de amina agem no processo de cárie dentária diminuindo a desmineralização, promovendo a remineralização e reduzindo a formação de lesões cavitadas (AU)

Objective: Amine fluoride dentifrices have been proposed as asuperior alternative to other fluorides because of its molecular structure. Thus, the aim of this review was to describe the mechanism of action of toothpastes containing amino fluorides, its effect in the remineralisation process and the evaluation of its clinical efficacy in the prevention of dental caries. Material and methods: A research in MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted independently by two researchers with no date restriction. In vitro, in situ or randomized controlled trials were included. After text reading data extraction was conducted. Risk of bias assessment was performed for the randomized trials. Results: In vitro and in situ studies observed that AmF reduced demineralization and increased remineralization. In some studies, AmF promoted greater remineralization than the other treatments. Four randomized trials included in this review suggest that there is some evidence of superiority of the amine fluoride dentifrices in the reduction of caries increment, when compared to control groups. Conclusion: There is evidence that suggest that toothpastes containing amino fluoride have an impact on the process of dental caries, reducing demineralization, promoting remineralisation and reducing the formation of carious lesions.(AU)