Résumé
Objective: To determine the potential antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts from Mentha longifolia L. (M. longifolia) and hydroalcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Z. multiflora) against important human pathogens. Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia). Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were kinds of pathogenic bacteria to determine the antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of M. longifolia and hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora using broth microdiluation method. Results: The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for K. pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) were observed by the hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for K. pneumonia and Serratia marcescens (2.5 and 5 mg/mL) were observed by the aqueous extracts of M. longifolia. Conclusions: In conclusion, it seems that Z. multiflora and M. longifolia extracts could inhibit the growth of all of the mentioned bacteria.
Résumé
OBJECTIVE@#To determine the potential antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts from Mentha longifolia L. (M. longifolia) and hydroalcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Z. multiflora) against important human pathogens.@*METHODS@#Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia), Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were kinds of pathogenic bacteria to determine the antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of M. longifolia and hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora using broth microdiluation method.@*RESULTS@#The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for K. pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) were observed by the hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for K. pneumonia and Serratia marcescens (2.5 and 5 mg/mL) were observed by the aqueous extracts of M. longifolia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In conclusion, it seems that Z. multiflora and M. longifolia extracts could inhibit the growth of all of the mentioned bacteria.
Résumé
Extended spectrum beta lactamases [ESBLs] have been observed in nearly all the species of family Enterobacteriaceae. The enzymes are plasmid mediated and are derived from broad-spectrum beta lactamase TEM and CTX- M by a limited number of mutations. This study was undertaken to characterize ESBL producers among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by PCR, which were initially screened by phenotypic method. A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate 180 strains [30 K. pneumoniae and 150 P. aeruginosa] isolated from urine culture of hospitalized patients [Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol, south-eastern Iran] suffered from urinary tract infections during a period of six months. The prevalence of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa was evaluated by disk diffusion test and polymerase chain reaction [PCR] by detecting TEM and CTX-M gene. The results of the study revealed that the prevalence of ESBL producing P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae by disk diffusion test was 13.3% for P. aeruginosa and 66.6% for K. pneumoniae. Seventy five percent and 65% of K. pneumoniae harboured the gene TEM and CTX-M, respectively. Forty five percent of P. aeruginosa isolates harboured the gene TEM but none of them demonstrated the gene CTX-M using PCR method. ESBL producing P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates showed a high prevalence in this study. Therefore it seems that continuous surveillance is essential to monitor the ESBLs producing microorganisms in hospitals and community
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AmpC beta-lactamases are capable to hydrolyse all beta-lactam antibiotics except cefepime and carbapenems. Herbal medicines have been important sources of products for the developing countries in treating common infectious diseases and overcome the problems of resistance and side effects of the currently available antimicrobial agents. Total 410 non repetitive clinical E. coli strains recovered during 7 month, were screened for AmpC production by disc diffusion test using cefoxitin [30 micro g] discs and confirmed by combined disc diffusion test using phenyl boronic acid and the MIC and MBC of Allim sativum [A. sativum] alcoholic extract against AmpC positive E. coli isolates were determined. A total of 107 of 410 isolates [26%] were cefoxitin resistant and 13 [3.1%] isolates harboured AmpC enzymes. A. sativum alcoholic extract were effective against AmpC producing E. coli isolates. There is need for a correct and reliable phenotypic test to identify AmpC beta lactamases and to discriminate between AmpC and ESBL producers and also these bioactive plants may help alleviate the problem of drug resistance
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Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances which can be used to treat various infectious diseases. Hence, antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of 6 plant species were studied against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates. A cross-sectional study was performed. Plant extract from leaf of Marribum vulgari, Saturja montana, Myrtus comminus L., Amaranthus retraflexus, seed of Cumminum cyminum L. and Peganum harmal specie was performed using rotary. Sampling was carry out from urine culture of hospitalized patients [Boo-Ali hospital, Zahedan, south-eastern of Iran] suffered from urinary tract infections during the years 2010 and 2011. Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bacterial concentration [MBC] of plant extracts of plants on bacteria was determined using micro dilution broth method at 6 different concentrations. The results show P. harmal and M. comminus L. were a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive [Staphylococcus aureus] and Gram-negative [Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae] bacteria respectively. Moreover, all 6 plants extracts showed relatively same antibacterial activity against Gram-positive [Staphylococcus saprophyticus and S. aureus] and S. Montana extracts showed relatively same antibacterial activity against all Gram-negative bacteria and Morganella morgani was the more resistant bacteria for all plants extracts. This investigation showed that the mixes of P. harmal and M. comminus L. extracts have a potent antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive pathogenic and Gram-negative bacteria. The present studies confirm the use of this extracts as antibacterial agent. Further research is required to evaluate the practical values of therapeutic applications
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Herbal medicines are the major remedy in traditional medical systems and made a great contribution in maintaining human health and in preventing many infectious diseases. The present study was carried out to determine the potential antibacterial effect of ethanol extracts and essential oil of Marrubium vulgare L. against Staphylococcus aureus which is antibiotic resistant. All 17 strains of S. aureus isolated from nose and throat sample from 160 healthy subjects, hospital staffs and inpatient in the city of Zabol [Amir Al-Momenin hospital, Zabol, south-eastern Iran] were screened during years 2010-2011. In this study, the essential oil of Marrubium vulgare L. obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry [GC-MS] in order to determine their chemical composition. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were investigated to characterize the antimicrobial activities of this essential oil and extract. Thirty-one components in the oil of Marrubium vulgare were identified. The results demonstrated that the major components of the essential oil were gamma-Eudesmol [11%], Germacrene [10%], D-Citronelly formate [10%], beta-Citronellol [8%], Geranyl tiglate [7.1%], Geranyl formate [6.02%]. The least MIC value of extract M. vulgare was 2.5 mg/mL and the highest MIC value of essential oil M. vulgare was 2.5 mg/mL. This investigation showed that the M. vulgare essential oil and extract has a potent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The present studies confirm the use of this essential oil and extract as antibacterial agent. Further research is required to evaluate the practical values of therapeutic applications
Résumé
Biofilms directly influence the virulence and pathogenicity of a pathogen, it is optimal to employ a strategy that effectively inhibits the formation of biofilm. In this study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of extract Capsicum annuum L were examined. The eight strains were isolated from urine culture of hospitalized patients; growth and biofilm formation of strains were determined by microtiterplate method. The results revealed that the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL are the most restrain in the biofilm formation of the isolated plates. Results of this study suggest that the extract of C. annuum L may be useful alone to treat bacterial infections