neuropsychiatric complication of oligomenorrhea according to Iranian traditional medicine

Oligomenorrhea, a prevalent disease with serious complications, has been declared in the Avicenna traditional medicine in detail. Avicenna in his famous book, Cannon of Medicine, presents a syndrome termed 'uterine strangulation', as a complication of menstrual bleeding cessation and lack of sexual satisfaction. We have explained this syndrome from both traditional and conventional medicine viewpoints to propose a new hypothesis for diagnosis and treatment of women with oligomenorrhea and systemic signs/symptoms admitting to clinics for further evaluation. This hypothesis definitely needs to be further assessed and confirmed by strong clinical trials

Does carotid intima-media thickness have relationship with polycystic ovary syndrome?

Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a common reproductive endocrine disorder associated with cardiovascular disease [CVD] risk factors and metabolic disturbances and a genetically heterogeneous disease. Intima-media thickness [IMT] is an indicator of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the relation between IMT and PCOS in women. This cross-sectional study was performed on 44 PCOS patients and 44 healthy women. Data collection included lipid profiles, blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index [BMI], and common and internal IMT of carotid artery which were measured in studied subjects. IMT was measured by a radiologist using a linear 12 MHz ultrasound probe [LOGIC S6, GE] in carotid setting. IMT of common carotid artery [56.8 +/- 7.6 in cases versus 49.8 +/- 7.3 in controls], internal carotid artery [56.9 +/- 6.03 in cases versus 49.6 +/- 6.9 in controls], and both common and internal carotid artery [56.6 +/- 6.7 in cases versus 49.7 +/- 6.9 in controls] were significantly higher in PCOS patients than healthy women [P < 0.001]. In summary, results demonstrated that carotid artery thickness as a risk for premature atherosclerosis in patients with PCOS is higher than healthy subjects. And hence care and monitoring of PCOS women with these risk factors sounds to be important and necessary.

comparison of the effects of fentanyl and remifentanil on nausea, vomiting, and pain after cesarean section

The effects of different opioids on postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] and pain have not been conclusively determined. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of fentanyl, remifentanil or fentanyl plus morphine on the incidence of PONV and pain in women subjected to cesarean section under general anesthesia. The study was a randomized clinical trial recruiting 96 parturients with American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status I and II. They scheduled for cesarean section under general anesthesia using sodium thiopental, succynylcholine, and isoflurane O2/N2O 50/50 mixture. After clamping the umbilical cord, the patients were given fentanyl [2 micro g/kg/h], remifentanil [0.05 micro g/kg/h], or fentanyl [2 micro g/kg] pulse morphine [0.1 mg/kg] intravenously. Visual analog scale for pain and nausea, frequency of PONV, meperidine and metoclopramide consumption were evaluated at recovery, and 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the surgery. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of frequency of nausea, vomiting, and mean nausea and pain scores at any time points. None of the patients required the administration of metoclopramide. However, the mean VAS for pain in remifentanil-treated group was insignificantly more than that in fentanyl- or fentanyl plus morphine-treated group at recovery or 4 hours after the surgery. The mean mepridine consumption in remifentanil-treated group was significantly [P=0.001] more than that in fentanyl- or fentanyl plus morphine-treated group in 24 hours after the surgery respectively. There was no significant difference in hemodynamic parameters of the three groups in all measurements after the surgery. The findings of this study showed that early post-operative analgesia was better with fentanyl, and postoperative meperidine consumption was significantly less with fentanyl than with remifentanil or combined fentayl and morphine