RÉSUMÉ
Not much is known about the pathological post-mortem findings of people dying of the novel coronavirus disease. There is a great need of such information for better clinical management of COVID-19 cases. A detailed literature search was conducted followed by its critical review. The search was made in databases like Pub Med, Scopus and EMBASE. The histopathological alterations were found to be mainly confined to the lungs. This included diffuse alveolar damage with formation of hyaline membrane and pulmonary microvascular thrombosis. There was a high incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients which hints towards possible endothelial involvement. The findings of the review have been derived from very few and restricted studies. These claims need to be substantiated by doing further studies.
RÉSUMÉ
Metastasis from non-mammary malignant neoplasms to the breast is rare and represents 0.2%-1.3% of all breast malignancies. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first line of investigation for any breast lump and cyto-morphological appearance of primary breast malignancies is well documented. Occasionally metastasis to the breast may be the initial presentation and can masquerade clinically as primary breast malignancy. The present case describes the clinical and cytological challenges in an unusual case of ovarian carcinoma with initial presentation as breast mass, mimicking as inflammatory carcinoma. In cytology the breast lesion was initially misdiagnosed as primary breast carcinoma and subsequently diagnosed as metastatic ovarian carcinoma based on core needle biopsy findings, aberrant immuno-profile and clinical findings; thus making the complex case worthy of discussion.
RÉSUMÉ
The cephalic vein and basilic vein begin respectively from lateral and medial ends of the dorsal venous arch of hand. The basilic vein is confined to the medial side of upper limb and continues upwards as the axillary vein whereas the cephalic vein is confined to the lateral side of upper limb and drains into the axillary vein. The aforesaid veins communicate with one another through the median cubital vein that lies in the roof of cubital fossa. The superficial veins are used for venepuncture, cardiac catheterization, bypass grafting and arteriovenous fistula for hemodynamic access. The authors chanced upon a variation in the cephalic and basilic veins in the right upper limb of a cadaver of a sixty years old female dying due to natural causes. The cadaver was used for routine dissection classes of first year MBBS students in a medical college of Eastern India. The cephalic and basilic veins of the said cadaver joined with each other in the cubital fossa. The brachial vein began from the point of union of the two former superficial veins and the single brachial vein replaced the paired brachial veins which is usually the norm.
RÉSUMÉ
@#Oriental theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis is a growing health concern of lactating cows in its endemic areas. Rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests are demand areas for appropriate and effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the answer for both detection and quantification of parasites. Present study deals with qPCR for detection of parasitemia level of T. orientalis in apparently healthy and clinically affected cows. Major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene present in T. orientalis was cloned in pUC57 vector and transformed into E. coli Top 10 cells. Single and mixed infections of hemoprotozoa other than T. orientalis, causing anemia were differentiated through blood smear examination and PCR tests. T. orientalis was detected in 108 (63.15%) ill and 48 (26.66%) healthy cows. Piroplasms detected per 1000 red blood cells (RBCs) was 0-1 in the healthy group as compared to 3-22 in those showing clinical signs. Parasitemia in ill cows ranged between 6.9 × 102 and 4.5 × 103 parasites / µl of blood which was significantly higher (p<0.05) than healthy group (2.6 × 102 - 5.7 × 102 parasites / µl of blood). Phylogenetic study of the isolates showed similarity with Buffeli type that unfolded its pathogenic form in apparently healthy and ill cows.
RÉSUMÉ
Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be complicated by a variety of cutaneous manifestations. Cutaneous manifestations, such as neuropathic foot ulcers are universally known and have predilection for the lower extremity. However, in the maxillofacial region diabetic lesion is not yet reported in the literature. It is because of enormous blood supply to the region. We present a case of 77-year-old female with pigmented bullous lesion in maxillofacial region as a result of uncontrolled DM, which was associated with reactive lymphadenitis due to infection from carious right mandibular first molar. The patient also had normocytic normochromic anemia secondary to progressive renal failure as a result of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The patient developed lesion due to trauma following fine-needle aspiration cytology and high sugar levels. She was successfully managed by good metabolic control, extraction of the offending tooth, antibiotic prophylaxis, and occlusive dressings. To the best of our knowledge, this clinical scenario has not been previously reported in the context of the diabetic lesion and, therefore, may be considered in the classification of dermatological lesions of diabetes.