Littoral decapods of Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico

Decapod community inhabiting the rocky littoral of eight bays from Socorro island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, was studied during March 1992. Samples were collected from one-square meter plots placed following transects drawn perpendicularly to the shoreline along the intertidal zone. Species richness and abundance were determined in each bay, as well as the similarity between bays using Morisita's index. Organisms collected belong to six families, 20 genera and 26 species of the Brachyura and Anomura infraorders. Xanthidae was the family with the highest number of species, and the highest species richness was recorded at the V. Lozano bay. Pachygrapsus transversus, Xanthodius cooksoni and Calcinus explorator were the most abundant species in nearly all localities. Dendrogram obtained define two groups of bays at a similarity level above 0.67, given the similarity in the crab's species richness and their abundance between bays in the island.

Abundancia y diversidad de los invertebrados litorales de isla Socorro, ArchipiÚlago Revillagigedo, México / Abundance and diversity of littoral invertebrates in the Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico

Composition, abundance, diversity and distribution of the littoral benthic invertebrates of Socorro Island with transects (parallel to the coast and with 1 m2 quadrats) were analyzed. During the spring of 1991 and 1992 samples were taken from the upper and middle levels of the intertidal zone in Vargas Lozano, Braithwaite, Blanca SW, Blanca NE, Binners, Grayson, Academia and Norte bays. The 161 species found belong to Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelmintha, Nemertina, Sipunculida, Annelida, Mollusca, Anthropoda and Echinodermata. Crustaceans and mollusks were the richest groups in both years, as in other rocky shores. Highest total density was found in Blanca NE bay in both samplings, with 281 orgs./m2 in the first and 172 orgs./m2 in the second. Most frequently found species were Isognomon janus (Mollusca, Pelecypoda), Littorina pullata (Mollusca, Gastropoda), Hipponix panamensis (Mollusca, Gastropoda), Pachygrapsus transversus (Crustacea, Grapsoidea) and Turbo funiculosus (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Because of the complexity of the habitat structure, Vargas Lozano was the bay with the highest specific richness (83 species), greatest diversity (4.7 bits/individual) and lowest dominance (0.065). Most species were classified as accidentals with the Dajoz's frequency classification, while the dominant species were accessories and only I. janus, in the spring 1991, was a constant species. Two kinds of bays were distinguished: those with some dominant species (density) and those in which there was no evident dominance by a particular species. Consequently, the diversity and evenness values were set apart: homogeneous communities (Vargas Lozano and Binners) and heterogeneous communities (Grayson bay and others), characterized by intermediate evenness values. The Jaccard similarity index identified two regions: one formed by bays found mainly in the southwest part of the island (Binners, Vargas Lozano, Braithwaite, Grayson and Blanca SW) and the other found in the northern region that included Blanca NE, Academia and Norte; however, Blanca NE had the most diverse species composition because of its physiographic particularities and because the sediment retained by the filamentous algae on the flat stones allow many species to settle down. Isognomon janus, Mitrella baccata (Mollusca, Gastropoda), P. transversus and Xanthodius cooksoni (Crustacea, Xanthoidea) were the most common species in all bays in both expeditions. The dominance-diversity relationship, the high s

Tratamiento con clindamicina de la malaria por Falciparum resistente. / Treatment with clindamycin of malaria caused by resistant Falciparum

Fueron tratados con clindamicina treinta pacientes con malaria por P. falciparum la mayoria multiquimio-resistentes. En diecinueve, la dosis fue de 20 mg/kg/peso/dia durante siete dias, por via venosa u oral.Seis recibieron la clindamicina a razon de 40 mg/kg/peso/dia venosa durante tres dias y cinco pacientes recibieron 40 mg/kg/peso/dia durante siete dias. La sintomatologia duro, en promedio 2,8 dias.Con el tratamiento la parasitemia ascendio en diecisiete pacientes y la desaparicion de la parasitemia fue, en promedio, de 5.06 dias Todos los pacientes con antecedentes malaricos con infecciones resistentes a la cloroquina y a otras drogas. Los efectos colaterales fueron minimos

Mediciones del nivel socioeconomico bajo urbano en familias con lactante desnutrido. / Measurements of the urban low socioeconomic level in families with malnourished

Se compararon dos mediciones de nivel socioeconomico (NSE) en un grupo de familias de estrato socioeconomico bajo del area metropolitana del Gran Santiago. El objetivo fue la busqueda de un instrumento capaz de discriminar los sectores menos favorecidos de la sociedad. La muestra incluyo 85 familias con lactante, estando el grupo experimental formado por 42 familias con lactante desnutrido severo, y el grupo testigo por 43 familias con lactante sano. Se aplico la Escala de Graffar modificada y un Indice Especifico para medir el NSE a traves de una encuesta realizada en las madres. El estudio comprendio, ademas, aspectos de salud y socioculturales.Los resultados indicaron que la Escala de Graffar modificada no discrimina a nivel de un grupo aparentemente homogeneo. En cambio, el Indice Especifico permite la deteccion de diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos, y correlaciones entre las variables de salud y de orden sociocultural. Por lo tanto, se plantea el Indice Especifico como un instrumento util y de facil manejo al aplicarse a grupos urbanos de nivel socioeconomico bajo