Reasons for non-performing pap smear screening in nurses and midwives working in Ardabil city health centers

Background: Cervical cancer screening has been introduced a few years ago to prevent harm and death caused by this disease. Our purpose in this study was to determine the reasons for non-performing Pap smear screening in nurses and midwives working in Ardabil health centers. Methods: The current descriptive-analytical research was conducted on 90 nurses and midwives working in health care centers in Ardabil city. The required information was collected through a questionnaire. After additional sampling and data collection from all participants in the research, it was coded and statistically analyzed in SPSS version 25 software. Results: The present study showed that the most common reason for not performing a pap smear test in single people and in the age group of 20-30 years is related to virginity and in married people and in the age group of 30-50 years. It was related to the fear of doing it. Conclusions: considering the cases that most women in the society are aware of cervical cancer and also the necessity of using cancer screening methods, using new educational methods through nurses and midwives to change their attitude and performance and increase their level and help in the timely diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Inter rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale in the assessment of spasticity in adults with cerebral palsy

Spasticity is one of the symptoms that contributes to functional limitation in adults with cerebral palsy and characterized by a velocity dependent increase in tonic reflex due to the hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. Modified Tardieu Scale [MTS] is a valid clinical tool for assessment of spasticity. The purpose of this study was to investigate Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale [MTS] for hip adductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors muscles in adult subjects with cerebral palsy. In an analytical cross sectional study, 30 participants 11 men' 21 women, age range 20 to 40 years, mean age [26.57 +/- 4.8] with spastic cerebral palsy from Ra'ad Rehabilitation Goodwill Complexes in Tehran city in a convenient sampling took part in this study. Spasticity was measured by two physiotherapist for hip adductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors with MTS during same session with ten minutes interval between assessment of two raters. ICC values for R2-Ri as an indicator of spasticity in hip adductors, knee extensor and plantar flexors were 0.97, 0.88 and 0.81 respectively. Also ICC Values for quality of muscle reaction was 0.89 in hip adductors, 0.96 in knee extensors and 0.92 in ankle plantar flexors. MTS has a high reliability in spasticity assessment of adductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors muscles, Probably MTS can be used as a reliable clinical tool to measure spasticity of lower extremity muscles in adult subjects with cerebral palsy