Effect of Phakic IOL on contrast sensitivity, IOP and corneal endothelium

Aim: to evaluate angle-supported AC Phakic IOLs for correction of high myopia; as regards contras t sensitivity testing, IOP, and corneal endothelial count

Methods: twenty eyes of eleven patients with high myopia were enrolled in this study. Three patients were males and eight were females. Their age ranged from between 20 to 36 years with a mean of 26.36 +/- 5.14. A complete preoperative ocular examination was performed on each patient including; IOP measurement, Specular microscopy and Contrast sensitivity testing. The Safety Flex Phakic 6TM was used in this study. Follow-up examinations were made at 48 hours; 15 days; 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after surgery

Results: the preoperative refractive error ranged from -10.50D to -24.00D with a mean of -18.03 +/- 3.92D. The IOL was implanted in both eyes of 9 patients and in one eye of two patients. The preoperative mean endothelial cell density was 2863.10 +/- 412.00 cells/mm2. After surgery; the mean cell density decreased to a mean of 2764.85 +/- 400.90 cells/mm2 at 3-months and 2739.85 +/- 406.38 cells/mm2 at 6-months. Endothelial cell loss was 3.43% at 3-months and 4.3% at 6-months in comparison with the preoperative value. The preoperative mean IOP was 12.60 +/- 1.57 mm Hg; which increased to 15.75 +/- 5.01 at 2 weeks post-op. However the IOP decreased again to a mean of 13.20 +/- 1.96 mm Hg 6-month after surgery. Contrast sensitivity was measured to all patients using Cambridge low contrast gratings. Preoperatively, the mean contrast sensitivity was 142.25 +/- 70.60. After surgery, contrast sensitivity improved to a mean of 209.60 +/- 117.45

Summary: implantation of an AC-IOL in a phakic eye to correct high myopia is a technique recently revived. It represents the most satisfactory surgical procedure currently available for correcting high myopia. The simplicity and the reversibility of the method permit it to be performed by most ophthalmologists

Knowledge and practice of working and non working mothers towards breast feeding in Zigzag

The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of breast-feeding of working and non working mothers. The results indicated that the great proportions of both mothers breast-fed their previous babies. Artificial feeding was mainly practiced by working mothers. Milk engorgement as a breast complication was more encountered among working mothers, while nipple fissure was prevalent among non working mothers. Non working mothers preferred to feed babies on demand, while working mothers preferred 2 hours time schedule. Loops were the most common contraceptive method used beside breast-feeding as reported by the great proportion of both groups. Growth of the baby and emotional satisfaction of the mother were the two common benefits of breast feeding as reported by both groups of mothers

Family care of elderly problems

This study was conducted to determine the alderly health problems and family care presented to them. The study was carried out in four NCR centers in Zagazig. The sample was composed of 275 women, having elderly members in their families, they were interviewed individually at the NCR center. The results showed that the main elderly physical problems were decline in daily activities, impairment of vision and digestive and urinary disorders. Psychological problems as mentioned by their families were agitation, depression and low body image. While the main identified socio-economic problems were loneliness and limited income. The family care presented to the elderly, the results showed that the low social class families bad poor consideration as regards nutrition of elderly, regular physician visit, foot care, and personal hygiene. It is recommended to provide health education the family about aging process problems and needs of elderly people. well as health education to the elderly themselves to motivate them to seek medical advice at regular intervals and integration of geriatric care in MCH centers

Symptoms of prevalent ailments among elementary school children

The characteristics of a group of elementary school children who visited the school health visitor room were observed and descriptive data were obtained for 318 pupils during a three-month period. The results showed that the higher the grade, the greater the frequency of visitation to health visitor. Also, most visits occurred during the second half of each academic week. Types of complaints varied with sex, school grade, and social class. Abdominal colic was the most frequent complaint occurring among girls [17.33%]. While skin rash occurred only among boys. Fever ranked first among pupils of the first two grades, while toothache and abdominal colic were predominating among pupils of the fifth and sixth grades. Both toothache and headache were the most frequently occurring problems among children of high social class [21.62%. 16.22%], while fever was the first complaint among middle and low social class children together [15.57%]. The school health visitor could interfere with the complaints of about one-third of all pupils. Those constituted all children with nosebleed and most children with headache and trauma [84.21%, 71.43% respectively]. On the other hand, pupils who were referred by the health visitor to the school health unit accounted for two-thirds of all pupils. These constituted all pupils with fever, sore throat, skin rash, eye problems and coughing and most pupils with toothache [78.95%]. It was concluded that health seeking illness behaviour was a learned process. Sex, school grade, social class and the day of the week; each of these had a role in the type of the presenting complaint to the health visitor during the school day. Also, the role of health visitor in dealing with the pupils complaints in the school was affirmed

Inservice training program for nurses working in Zagazig vaccination centres

The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the implementation of inservice training program upon the level of nurses' knowledge and practice in the field of vaccination. The study was conducted in 7 vaccination centers in Zagazig City. The number of nurses was 57. They were pretested by an observation sheet made of 10 recommended items related to knowledge and practice in vaccination. Then an inservice training program of two month-duration was implemented. Post-test was carried out one month later. A scoring system was adopted for individual evaluation of nurse performance in pre-post tests. The degree of success of the training program was estimated using the "Effectiveness Index" [EI] which was equal to 72.85%. Inservice training program in the area of vaccination was recommended