Frequency and shape of torus palatinus in relation to age and gender in karachi

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and shape of torus palatinus and to assess its gender and age-related differences in the population of Karachi, the metropolitan city of Pakistan

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study with non-probability convenience sampling method conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College [BUMDC], Karachi. The presence of tori was observed by clinical examination and palpation. The shape was also investigated by presence or absence and classified as flat, spindle and nodular shaped tori. The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. The Chi-square test was used to test for group differences of sex and age association with the prevalence of tori. Difference between groups with P <0.05 was considered significant

Results: A total of 1203 patients were screened in which torus palatinus was found in 141 [11.7%] patients. Present study findings showed torus palatinus was more prevalent in males 76 [53.9%]. It was dominant in 31-60 years of age group [47.5%] with significant P=0.000. Shapes of torus palatinus were compared with gender in which flat shape was more frequent in both male and female with significant P-value of 0.015

Conclusion: Torus Palatinus is a rare bony exostosis of the oral cavity. Even though, it is an asymptomatic anatomical variation it expresses itself in unique shapes and patterns. The prevalence varies with respect to age and gender

Incidence of three canals in mandibular second premolar: a case report

Mandibular second premolar often shows variant anatomy of having more the one canal. The reported incidence of three canals is quite rare. Successful treatment of this tooth requires the operator lobe familiar with its anatomical, clinical and radiographic variations. This article reports a case of unusual occurrence f three canals in the mandibular second Treatment recommendations for such cases are also discuss

Replacing gingivo-alveolar tissue in implant supported fixed dental prosthesis

Treatment of patients, presenting maxillary anterior edentulous spaces with hard and soft tissue deficit, using implant-supported dental prostheses provides complex challenges to dental clinicians. When the results of ridge augmentation and implants positioning are less than acceptable, treatment with a conventional implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis [ISFDP] may lead to less than ideal esthetic and functional outcome. This report describes the management of one such case with a single-piece screw-retained ISFDP. Desired aesthetics with the ISFDP was achieved by replacing the missing gingivo-alveolar tissues using tissue-matching colour light-cured composite resin