Study of sedative-hypnotic effects of Aloe vera L. aqueous extract through behavioral evaluations and EEG recording in rats

In the present work sedative and hypnotic effects of aqueous extract of Aloe vera in rats have been investigated. In order to evaluate the overall hypnotic effects of the Aloe vera extract, open field and loss of righting reflex tests were primarily used. The sedative and hypnotic effects of the extract were then confirmed by detection of remarkable raise in the total sleeping time through analysis of electroencephalographic [EEG] recordings of animals. Analysis of the EEG recordings showed that there is concomitant change in Rapid Eye Movement [REM] and None Rapid Eye Movement [NREM] sleep in parallel with the prolonged total sleeping time. Results of the current research show that the extract has sedative-hypnotic effects on both functional and electrical activities of the brain

Ceftriaxone induced biliary pseudolithiasis in children: report of 14 cases

Biliary pseudolithiasis has been reported in patients who received ceftriaxone therapy. In this study we evaluated children with ceftriaxone associated pseudolithiasis that was discovered incidentally in US examination. The study includes 14 children with gallstones in Ultrasound without biliary symptoms with recent ceftriaxone administration. All of them were treated for suspected or definite bacterial infection with ceftriaxone 50-100mg/kg/day divided into 2 equal intravenous doses under conditions of adequate hydration. There were no other known underlying diseases for gallstone. Fourteen patients [11 boys and 3 girls] with mean age of 4.5 years [range: 2 months to 14 years] were studied. Following cessation of treatment with ceftriaxone, a complete resolution of the lithiasis was seen in most of followed cases. All patients were free from biliary symptoms [Right upper quadrant pain, Cholestasis] during observation. Consultations with surgeon or subspecialist due to reported "gallstone in the Ultrasound" were performed in about two-thirds of patients. Development of pseudolithiasis after ceftriaxone administration is not uncommon and should be known by pediatricians and radiologists in order to avoid unnecessary surgery or additional consultations