Analysis of clinical cure outcome, macrophages number, cytokines levels and expression of annexin-A1 in the cutaneous infection in patients with Leishmania braziliensis

ABSTRACT Background: Leishmania braziliensis, a protozoan prevalent in Brazil, is the known causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The activation of M1 macrophages is a pivotal factor in the host's ability to eliminate the parasite, whereas M2 macrophages may facilitate parasite proliferation. This study analyzed the clinical outcomes of CL and the patients' immunological profiles, focusing on the prevalence of M1 and M2 macrophages, cytokine production, and annexin-A1 (ANXA1) expression in the lesion. Methods: Data were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological, immunofluorescence, and cytokine analyses. Results: Patients with exudative and cellular reaction-type (ECR)-type lesions that healed within 90 days showed a significant increase in M1. Conversely, patients with ECR and exudative and granulomatous reaction (EGR)types, who healed within 180 days, showed an elevated number of M2. Cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were higher in ECR lesions that resolved within 90 days (P<0.05). In contrast, IL-9 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in both ECR and EGR lesions that healed after 180 days (P<0.001). The production of IL-21, IL-23 and TGF-β was increased in patients with ECR or EGR lesions that healed after 180 days (P<0.05). The expression of ANXA1 was higher in M2 within ECR-type lesions in patients who healed after 180 days (P<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the infectious microenvironment induced by L. braziliensis affects the differentiation of M1 and M2 macrophages, cytokine release, and ANXA1 expression, thereby influencing the healing capacity of patients. Therefore, histopathological and immunological investigations may improve the selection of CL therapy.

Mediastinitis and pericardial effusion in a patient with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection: a case report / Mediastinite e derrame pericárdico em um paciente com AIDS e infecção disseminada por Mycobacterium avium: um relato de caso

We report the case of a 36-year-old man who had acquired immune deficiency syndrome and developed suppurative mediastinitis extending over the left lung and anterior thoracic wall around the sternum, pericardial effusions, splenomegaly, and mesenteric and periaortic lymphadenomegaly due to Mycobacterium avium (genotype I). The organism was isolated from an axillary lymph node and the bone marrow. Mediastinitis associated with disseminated M. avium complex infection is uncommon and, to the best of our knowledge, this manifestation has not reported before.

Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 36 anos vivendo com AIDS que desenvolveu mediastinite supurativa com extensão ao pulmão esquerdo e à parede anterior do tórax ao redor do esterno, derrame pericárdico, esplenomegalia e adenomegalia mesentérica e periaórtica, devido ao Mycobacterium avium genótipo I, isolado de linfonodo axilar e da medula óssea. A mediastinite associada à infecção pelo Mycobacterium avium é rara e, até onde conhecemos na literatura publicada, esta forma de apresentação ainda no foi relatada.

Qualidade do exame baciloscópico no Distrito Federal (Brasil): uma averiguação da confiabilidade / The quality of the baciloscopic test in Distrito Federal (Brazil): an inquiry about its reliability

No Brasil, uma das prioridades do plano de combate à tuberculose é a avaliação de desempenho laboratorial através do controle de qualidade das baciloscopias. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a confiabilidade dos exames realizados pelo Programa de Tuberculose do Distrito Federal (PCT-DF). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado a partir das lâminas revisadas no laboratório de referência, de 1988 a 1999. Comparou-se em dupla cega os resultados das leituras dos esfregaços obtidos na periferia e laboratório central. As concordâncias/discordâncias foram analisadas pelo Kappa e intervalo de confiança (IC). Avaliaram-se 7.756 lâminas, obtendo-se discordâncias de 1,9 por cento de falso-positivas e de 0,8 por cento falso-negativas. Até 1997, 66,5 por cento das baciloscopias positivas foram revisadas. Implementada essa atividade, atingiu-se 90,1 por cento. A confiabilidade foi ótima pelo Kappa, discordando com os resultados do IC. O controle de qualidade deve ampliar a confiabilidade do diagnóstico de tuberculose, entretanto, a avaliação depende do uso de testes de reprodutividade sensíveis.