Burden of Palliative Care in a Public General Hospital Setting

ABSTRACT Objective: The number of palliative care patients in Trinidad and Tobago is unknown. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of palliative care patients on a public general medical ward. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to collect information on patients' diagnoses, symptoms and Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) scores. Patients who would benefit from palliative care services and satisfied inclusion criteria were referred to as palliative-care-appropriate patients. Results: The one-month prevalence of palliative-care-appropriate patients was found to be 23.47% on an acute medical ward of a public hospital. Most of these patients had diagnoses that were either neurologic or cardiac in nature. Pain (46.8%) and dyspnoea (51.1%) were the most common symptoms documented for palliative-care-appropriate patients. Seven (14.95%) palliative-care-appropriate patients died while in hospital. Conclusion: There is a significant palliative care burden in this pilot study as evidenced by the high prevalence of palliative-care-appropriate patients on a general medicine ward. A larger prospective study should be undertaken to elucidate the number of patients who could benefit from hospice and palliative care services. Palliative performance scale scores may be considered for more widespread use in the Caribbean.

Evaluation of asthma control using patient based measures and peak expiratory flow rate / Evaluación del control del asma usando medidas basadas en el paciente y tasas de flujo expiratorio máximo

OBJECTIVE: Asthma control has not been formally evaluated in the Caribbean. This study evaluated disease control on The Asthma Control Test (ACT), The Royal College of Physicians "Three questions" for Assessing Asthma Control (RCP), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and patients'self-assessment of control. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Asthma control was examined in a cross-section of 205 asthmatics above 16 years of age using the ACT, RCP and on the PEFR % predicted. Scores below 20 and equal to or above 1 on the ACT and RCP respectively, and PEFR below 80% predicted indicated uncontrolled asthma. Patients stated whether they perceived their asthma was controlled or uncontrolled. RESULTS: Overall there were more females (63.9%, p < 0.001) than males (36.1%). Males aged between 17-30 years predominated (60.8%, p < 0.001) with gender reversal beyond 30 years of age (33.2%, p < 0.002) years. Self-assessed control was higher (69.3%, p < 0.001) than control evaluated by the ACT and RCP tests, which were comparable (p > 0.05). Fewer patients (13.2%) achieved control on PEFR > 80% predicted than on the ACT (22.4%) and RCP (18%). The Kappa statistic indicated good reproducibility of the RCP and ACT and concordance between the PEFR and RCP (0.63) and the PEFR and ACT (0.56). Higher education was associated with control on the ACT (p < 0.0005) and RCP (p < 0.002) but not on PEFR or self-assessment (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Approximately 80% of study asthmatics were uncontrolled, and patients tended to overestimate their disease control. The ACT and RCP instruments were comparable with the PEFR. Efforts to study their validity and formal evaluation of asthma control in Trinidad are recommended.

OBJETIVO: El control del asma no ha sido evaluado formalmente en el Caribe. El estudio evaluó el control de la enfermedad utilizando el Test de Control del Asma (TCA), las "tres preguntas" del Colegio Real de Médicos para evaluar el control del asma (CRM), y la tasa de flujo expiratorio máximo (FEM) así como la autoevaluación del control por parte de los pacientes. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: El control del asma fue examinado en una sección transversal de 205 asmáticos de más de 16 años de edad, mediante el TCA, el CRM, y la predicción del FEM%. Las puntuaciones por debajo de 20 e iguales o por encima de 1 en el TCA y el CRM respectivamente, por debajo del 80% de predicción de la FEM, indicaban asma no controlada. Los pacientes informaban si percibían su asma como controlada o no controlada. RESULTADOS: En general hubo más (p < 0.001) mujeres (63.9%) que hombres (36.1%). Los hombres predominaron (p < 0.001) entre los 17 - 30 años (60.8%) con reversión del género (p < 0.002) pasados los 30 (33.2%) años. El control autoevaluado (69.3%) fue mayor (p < 0.001) que el control evaluado por las pruebas TCA y CRM, que fueron comparables (p > 0.05). Menos pacientes (13.2%) lograron un control con FEM > 80% de predicción que con TCA (22.4%) y CRM (18%). La estadística Kappa indicó una buena reproductibilidad de CRM y TCA, así como concordancia entre FEM y CRM (0.63) y FEM y TCA (0.56). Un nivel de educación más alto estuvo asociado con el control en TCA (p < 0.0005) y CRM (p < 0.002) pero no en FEM o autoevaluación (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Aproximadamente el 80% de los asmáticos fueron no controlados, y los pacientes sobrestiman su control de la enfermedad. Los instrumentos TCA y CRM fueron comparables con la FEM. Se recomienda hacer esfuerzos por estudiar la validez de estos, así como la evaluación formal del control del asma en Trinidad.