Investigation of the Roles of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Galectin-3 Expression in the Pathogenesis of Premenopausal Endometrial Polyps

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis and etiology of endometrial polyps has not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to examine the pathogenic mechanisms of endometrial polyp development using immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the expression of galectin-3 and cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) during the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women with endometrial polyps or normal endometrium. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with endometrial polyps and 50 healthy control patients were included in this study. The levels of expression of COX-2 and galectin-3 were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The percentage of COX-2-positive cells and the intensity of COX-2 staining in the endometrium did not vary during the menstrual cycle either in the control group or in patients with endometrial polyps. However, expression of galectin-3 was significantly lower in endometrial polyps and during the proliferative phase of the endometrium compared with the secretory phase. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that the pathogenesis of endometrial polyps does not involve expression of COX-2 or galectin-3.

Uterine closure with unlocked suture in cesarean section: safety and Quality

Comparing locked and unlocked uterine closure techniques in terms of bleeding control and uterine incision healing. The patients undergoing cesarean section in Sifa University Hospital between May - October 2012 were accepted to this prospective controlled study. Primarily, safety was evaluated. The hemoglobin count [HC] and serum creatine kinase [CK] levels of the patients in the locked [n = 47] and unlocked [n = 35] groups were measured just before and 24 hours after operation. Hemoglobin deficit, increase in CK and the additional hemostatic sutures were compared. Secondly, uterine scar healing was evaluated three months later. Scar thickness, niche and percentage of thinning of the scar region of the locked [n = 27] and unlocked [n = 32] groups were calculated and compared. The hemoglobin deficit was similar in two groups. CK rise was less in the unlocked group but it was not significant [P = 0.082]. Unlocked group needed more additional sutures [P = 0.016]. The thickness of the niche and the percentage of thinning of the scar region were significantly less in the unlocked group [P= 0.002, P=0.000]. Unlocked uterine closure technique is safe and has less damage to the myometrium