Résumé
Education about self-management is critical for improving the lifestyles of diabetic patients. Medical nutritional therapy is especially important to keep blood glucose levels in the normal range. Several studies report that education involving cooperation with patients to actually improve lifestyle habits, as opposed to lecture-based education, was more effective in controlling blood glucose level as well as improving eating behavior. This review examines the current status and the effects of medical nutritional therapy and practical training in Korea and abroad. The findings of this review suggest that practical education involving hands-on training should be used as an essential treatment method of diabetic patients.
Sujets)
Humains , Glycémie , Diabète , Éducation , Comportement alimentaire , Corée , Mode de vie , Méthodes , Thérapie nutritionnelle , Valeurs de référence , AutosoinsRésumé
This study aimed to compare the effects of activity-based personalized nutrition education (APNE) with a general instruction for diabetes (control, CTRL) in middle-aged and older Korean outpatients with type 2 diabetes. After an initial screening, 70 subjects were randomly assigned to APNE (n = 37) or CTRL (n = 33) group. APNE considered each patient’s anthropometry, blood chemistry data, and dietary habits in addition to planning meal choices with the aid of registered dietitians. After 3 months, dietary behavior, food intake, and anthropometric and blood measurement results were evaluated. Fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels decreased in the APNE group (n = 33) but not in the CTRL group (n = 23). In the APNE group, the meal intervals and number of days of consuming high-fat food were decreased, while the number of days following a meal plan and balanced diet that entailed consuming fruits, vegetables, and healthy food was increased. A lower consumption of carbohydrates, saccharides, grains, and tuber crops and a higher protein, pulses, and fat-derived calorie intake compared with the initial values were observed in the APNE group. In contrast, only the number of days following the meal plan and balanced diet was increased in the CRTL group, without significantly changing the individual macronutrient-derived calorie intake. The APNE approach appeared to effectively educate outpatients with type 2 diabetes about changing their dietary behavior and food intake and improving the clinical parameters related to diabetic conditions.
Sujets)
Humains , Anthropométrie , Glycémie , Glucides , Chimie , Régime alimentaire , Consommation alimentaire , Éducation , Jeûne , Comportement alimentaire , Fruit , Hémoglobine glyquée , Dépistage de masse , Repas , Nutritionnistes , Patients en consultation externe , LégumesRésumé
The aim of this study was to examine and compare the eating habits and dietary intake patterns of people with or without allergy by the survey during August-September, 2008. The 131 subjects aged 10'-50' (AG = allergy group, n = 62; NG = non-allergy group, n = 69) participated in this study. The questionnaire included general characteristics, dietary habits, and food frequency. Income level tended to be higher in AG than in NG, and AG had more pets and flower pots than NG (p<0.01). In AG, most affected area of allergy was the skin and the subjects in AG experienced the mixed symptoms and more than 2 types of allergy. Family history of allergy was highly related with allergy of the subjects (AG: 66.1%, NG: 33.9%). Both groups did not exercise regularly, but frequency of alcohol drinking in AG was significantly higher than in NG (p<0.01). AG skipped meals and had snacking more often than NG (p<0.05). Most favorite snacks in AG were instant foods, fast foods, cookies, and ice cream (p<0.05). Therefore, AG tended to consume more allergy-related foods than NG. Highly-consumed allergy-related foods were egg, pork, walnut, onion, tuna, shellfish, and kiwi (p<0.05). Therefore, nutrition education and guidance is needed to establish good eating habits, food intakes, and life style in people having allergy.