Résumé
Objective: To share the experience of gossypiboma cases, their presenting features, preoperative risk factors and post-operative outcome in terms of complications and recovery
Study Design: Retrospective study
Place and Duration of Study: Several government and private hospitals of Karachi, over an operative experience exceeding 35 years for the principal author and 15 years for the coauthors
Patient and Method:This study includes collective personal operative experience with patients having gossypibomas. It is compiled by two general surgeons and one gynecologist. Data of 14 cases with primary diagnosis of gossypiboma were reviewed and analyzed. Literature was searched for relevant information
Result: There were 11 female and 3 male patients. Mean age of the patients was 42 years [range 25 to 59 years]. Cesarean section was the commonest surgery performed in 5 patients followed by hysterectomies in 3 patients. Plain radiograph and CT scan abdomen were found to be helpful in diagnosis. Mean interval between initial and final surgeries was eight months [range one week to two years]. All patients recovered completely after surgical removal of gossypiboma
Conclusion: Retained sponge was more common in obstetrical procedures performed in emergency. Presence of abdominal mass or intestinal obstruction was the commonest presentation [93%]. Micro-air-bubbles in plain abdominal x-ray in a post laparotomy patient appeared to be a diagnostic feature of gossypiboma. CT scan was better than other radiological investigations in identifying the retained sponge
Résumé
Objective: To compare the frequency of pregnancy induced hypertension [PIH] between obese and non-obese women
Study Design: Comparative study
Place and Duration of Study: Antenatal Clinic and Obstetrics Ward of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi from 1[st] January 2008 to 30[th] June 2008
Method: A total of two hundred gravid women were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with singleton pregnancy and gestational age from 24 to 40 weeks. Two groups were formed having hundred women each. Group A formed of non-obese [B.M.I<30]. Blood pressure was recorded with mercury sphygmomanometer and woman having diastolic pressure of >90-mmHg or systolic pressure of >140-mmHg, two readings 4 hours apart were diagnosed as PIH. Frequency and percentage were computed for categorical variables like age groups, gravida, family history, patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Chi-Square test was used to compare proportion of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension between obese and nonobese women. Mean with standard deviation, 95% confidence interval of mean were also computed for quantitative variables like age, parity, gestational age, height, weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure by applying t-test to compare mean difference between obese and non-obese
Results: The frequency of PIH was found to be higher in obese women as compared to nonobese patients. The overall PIH was 67 out of 200 [33.5%]. PIH was present in 41% of obese women and in 26% of non-obese women. P-value=0.025 indicate that pregnancy induced hypertension was two times more likely in obese women than non-obese women [OR= 1.98, 95% CI= 1.09 to 3.59]
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that frequency of PIH is higher in patients belonging to group B who were obese