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Psychiatric disorders remain one of the most debilitating conditions; however, most patients are never diagnosed and do not seek treatment. Despite its massive burden on modern society and the health system, many hurdles prevent proper diagnosis and management of these disorders. The diagnosis is primarily based on clinical symptoms, and efforts to find appropriate biomarkers have not been practical. Through the past years, researchers have put a tremendous effort into finding biomarkers in “omics” fields: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics. This article reviews the evolving field of radiomics and its role in diagnosing psychiatric disorders as the sixth potential “omics.” The first section of this paper elaborates on the definition of radiomics and its potential to provide a detailed structural study of the brain. Following that, we have provided the latest promising results of this novel approach in a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Radiomics fits well within the concept of psychoradiology. Besides volumetric analysis, radiomics takes advantage of many other features. This technique may open a new field in psychiatry for diagnosing and classifying psychiatric disorders and treatment response prediction in the era of precision and personalized medicine. The initial results are encouraging, but radiomics in psychiatry is still in its infancy. Despite the extensive burden of psychiatric disorders, there are very few published studies in this field, with small patient populations. The lack of prospective multi-centric studies and heterogeneity of studies in design are the significant barriers against the clinical adaptation of radiomics in psychoradiology.
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Background@#and Purpose Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare neurological disorder that is often associated with viral infections. Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a few COVID-19-associated ANE cases have been reported. Since very little is known about ANE, the present study aimed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics of affected patients. @*Methods@#A search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles published up to August 30, 2022 using relevant keywords. Case reports and series in the English language that reported ANE in adult patients with COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were included in this study. Data on the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of patients were extracted and analyzed using the SPSS software (version 26). @*Results@#The study included 30 patients (18 males) with COVID-19 and ANE who were aged 49.87±18.68 years (mean±standard deviation). Fever was the most-prevalent symptom at presentation (66.7%). Elevated C-reactive protein was observed in the laboratory assessments of 13 patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were the most-common radiological modalities used for brain assessments. The most commonly prescribed medications were methylprednisolone (30%) and remdesivir (26.7%). Sixteen patients died prior to discharge. @*Conclusions@#The diagnosis of COVID-19-associated ANE requires a thorough knowledge of the disease. Since the clinical presentations of ANE are neither sensitive nor specific, further laboratory and brain radiological evaluations will be needed to confirm the diagnosis. The suspicion of ANE should be raised among patients with COVID-19 who present with progressive neurological symptoms.
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Abstract Background Pain is an uncomfortable sensation in the body. Kaempferol is a flavonoid with antinociceptive effects. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been characterized in the sensory system. Objective This study evaluated the central antinociceptive effect of Kaempferol and possible mechanisms of action of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). Methods Capsaicin as a TRPV agonist (5 μg/μL, intracerebroventricular [ICV]) and capsazepine as its antagonist (10 μg/μL, icv) were used to test the analgesic effect of kaempferol (1.5 mg, ICV). Morphine (10 μg, ICV) was used as a positive control. The other groups were treated with a combination of kaempferol and capsaicin, kaempferol and capsazepine, and capsaicin and capsazepine. The cannula was implanted in the cerebroventricular area. The tail-flick, acetic acid, and formalin tests were used to assess analgesic activity.For evaluation of antiinflammatory effect, the formalin-induced rat pawedema was used. Results Kaempferol significantly decreased pain in the acute pain models, including the tail-flick and the first phase of the formalin test. In the late phase of the formalin test, as a valid model of nociception, capsazepine inhibited the antinociceptive effect of kaempferol. Conclusions Kaempferol has an analgesic effect in the acute pain model and can affect inflammatory pain. Also, the TRPV1 channel plays a role in the antinociceptive activity of kaempferol.
Resumo Antecedentes A dor é uma sensação desconfortável no corpo. Kaempferol é um flavonoide com efeitos antinociceptivos. Canais receptores de potencial transitório têm sido caracterizados no sistema sensorial. Objetivo Este estudo avaliou o efeito antinociceptivo central do kaempferol e os possíveis mecanismos de ação do TRPV1. Métodos Capsaicina como agonista de TRPV (5 μg/μL, intracerebroventricular [ICV]) e capsazepina como seu antagonista (10 μg/μL, icv) foram usados para testar o efeito analgésico do kaempferol (1,5 mg, ICV). A morfina (10 μg, ICV) foi usada como controle positivo. Os outros grupos foram tratados com uma combinação de kaempferol e capsaicina, kaempferol e capsazepina e capsaicina e capsazepina. A cânula foi implantada na área cerebroventricular. Os testes de movimento de cauda, ácido acético e formalina foram usados para avaliar a atividade analgésica. Para avaliação do efeito anti-inflamatório, foi utilizado o edema de pata de rato induzido por formalina. Resultados Kaempferol diminuiu significativamente a dor nos modelos de dor aguda, incluindo o movimento da cauda e a primeira fase do teste de formalina. Na fase tardia do teste da formalina, como modelo válido de nocicepção, a capsazepina inibiu o efeito antinociceptivo do kaempferol. Conclusões Kaempferol tem efeito analgésico no modelo de dor aguda e pode afetar a dor inflamatória. Além disso, o canal TRPV1 desempenha um papel na atividade antinociceptiva do kaempferol.
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Natural antioxidants in edible coatings can modify the structure and improves the functionality and applicabilityof the film in food industries. This study was done to determine the antimicrobial effect of nano-compositebased on bean pod shell gum (4% w/v), TiO2 nano-particles (NPs) (1%–2% w/v) and Mentha pulegiumessential oil (EO) (2%–4% v/v) on five food-borne pathogens in two categories, including Gram positives andthree Gram-negatives bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was tested using disk diffusion test. According to theresults, Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria. Increasing M. pulegiumEO and TiO2 NPs content increased the antimicrobial activity of the edible film based on bean pod shell gum,so that the treatment containing 4% v/v M. pulegium EO and 2% w/v TiO2 NPs led to the highest inhibitionzone (11.8–15.2 mm) compared to treatment containing 2% v/v M. pulegium EO and 1% w/v TiO2 NPs withinhibition zone range of 9.8–11.5 mm. In general, TiO2 NPs and M. pulegium EO improved the functionalproperties, including antimicrobial activity of the edible film based on bean pod shell gum which increases thepotential of films to be used for fresh products.
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Background: Kidney dysfunction is both a national and international problem. Its incidence is increasing in the general population, mostly due to the high prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and the long-term consequences of acute kidney injury. The incidence and prevalence of kidney dysfunction necessitating dialysis are unknown in Rwanda as studies are lacking.Methodology: This study describes the outcomes of the patients who received hemodialysis at CHUK. Data was retrospectively collected and statistically analyzed for 152 patients treated in the hemodialysis unit at CHUK between September 2014 and March 2017.Results: The results have shown that 51.3% and 48.7% of the population being studied were identified to have acute kidney injury and chronic kidney failure respectively. The main risk factors for hemodialysis treatment were hypertension (48%), diabetes mellitus (46.7%), eclampsia (13.2%), and volume deficit (15.8%). Hyperkalemia, pulmonary edema, encephalopathy, and other uremic symptoms were present in 39-43% of patients and were the most common indications for hemodialysis. Encephalopathy and poor oxygen saturation were independent risk factors for death. 20.6% could not afford the usual provision of three sessions of hemodialysis per week and therefore didn't receive dialysis as frequently as recommended. Forty-five patients (20.6%) could not afford the usual provision of three sessions of hemodialysis per week and received less frequent dialysis.Conclusion: There is high mortality in patients referred for hemodialysis in CHUK. Almost half of the patients have chronic renal failure and require permanent renal replacement therapy. Many patients limit therapy due to financial reasons
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Hôpitaux universitaires , Défaillance rénale chronique , Dialyse rénale , Études rétrospectives , Rwanda , Résultat thérapeutiqueRésumé
@#Introduction: Intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) induced apoptosis changes in neurons similar to Alzheimer's disease. The serotonergic system via its receptor involved in survival of neurons. The present study examined the ability of selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (NAD-299) and 5-HT2A receptor agonist (TCB-2) to attenuate the apoptosis caused by the icv-STZ in the rat. Methods: The icv-STZ (3 mg/kg, 10 μL, twice) induced neuronal loss in the hippocampus of adult male rats. Animals were divided into naive control, sham-operated, STZ+saline (1 μL, icv), STZ+NAD-299 (5 μg/μL, icv), STZ+TCB-2 (5 μg/μL, icv), and STZ+NAD-299+TCB-2 (5 μg/μL of any agent, icv) groups. Following the 35 days’ treatment period, neuronal apoptosis was detected using the Tunnel. Cells with morphological features of apoptotic cell were contended by microscopy. Results: TCB-2 and NAD-299 administration decreased number of apoptotic neurons in the treatment group compared with the STZ group. Combined treatment of STZ rat with NAD+TCB more decreased number of apoptotic cells in compare to TCB-2 or NAD-299 treated STZ groups. Conclusion: Treatment with 5-HT1A receptor antagonist or 5-HT2A receptor agonist diminished apoptosis. The beneficial effect of 5HT1A receptor inhibition was potentiated with activation of 5-HT2A receptor in prevention of apoptosis in hippocampus.
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Statement of the Problem: It is crucial for clinicians to be certain about the location of mandibular canal and determine any anatomical variants relevant to it. The temporal crest canal [TCC] is a rare anatomical variant of mandibular canal that lack of awareness about its presence can complicate surgical procedures
Purpose: This study investigated the anatomical characteristics and prevalence of the TCC using CBCT
Materials and Method: This descriptive cross-section study evaluated 327 CBCTs [654 sides] from all the patients with various problems. TCC on sagittal and axial plans were identified and then classified into two types based on their configuration. The prevalence of TCC was calculated amongst men and women
Results: Six TCC [0.91%] were observed in 654 sides. We observed all 6 TCCs in females. One case [0.30%] was bilateral TCC, and the remaining four [1.22%] cases were unilateral TCC [two on the left and two on the right side]. Considering the classification of TCC, five sides had presentation of type I and one case was type II based on Kawai et al. study
Conclusion: Three-dimensional images of CBCT data are useful in confirming the presence of TCC. TCC is considered as a clinically significant structure; therefore, this variation should be carefully investigated using reconstructed CBCT images
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Objective: To systematically search the literature and to summarize current evidence pertaining to the epidemiology of SCI in the MENA region incidence, gender, age, type of the injury and etiology of the injury
Methods: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO host were systematically searched from their dates of inception till July 2017 for English and non-English language articles. Also, regional databases were searched. Data were extracted from eligible articles and pooled under the random effect model using R. References of the included articles were also screened for potentially relevant studies
Results: We identified 29 articles from seven countries in the MENA region [Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Qatar]. The mean age of the cases at time of injury was 31.32 [95% CI: 28.74-33.91]. The random pooled annual incidence of TSCI per million was 23.24 [95% CI: 5.64-49.21]. Pooled proportion of male gender was 77% [95% CI 73-80%] of the cases. Complete paraplegia was the most common type of injury. Thoracic level injury predominated. Also, the most commonly affected age group was 20-29 then 30-39. Motor vehicle accidents were found to be the leading cause of injury, then falls, gunshot, violence and sports. Further meta-regression analysis showed no association between age and etiology of the injury
Conclusion: This review shows lack of evidence about SCI in most countries of the MENA region. More epidemiological studies are needed
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Statement of the Problem: Accurate measurement of the available bone height is an essential step in the pre-surgical phase of dental implantation. Panoramic radiography is a unique technique in the pre-surgical phase of dental implantations because of its low cost, relatively low-dose, and availability
Purpose: This article aimed to assess the reliability of dental panoramic radiographs in the accurate measurement of the vertical bone height with respect to the horizontal location of the alveolar crest
Materials and Method: 132 cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT] of the edentulous mandibular molar area and dental panoramic radiograph of 508 patients were selected. Exclusion criteria were bone abnormalities and detectable ideal information on each modality. The alveolar ridge morphology was categorized into 7 types according to the relative horizontal location of the alveolar crest to the mandibular canal based on CBCT findings. The available bone height [ABH] was defined as the distance between the upper border of the mandibular canal and alveolar crest. One oral radiologist and one oral surgeon measured the available bone height twice on each modality with a 7-dayinterval
Results: We found a significant correlation between dental panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography values [ICC=0.992, p< 0.001]. A positive correlation between the horizontal distance of the alveolar crest to the mandibular canal and measured differences between two radiographic modalities had been found [r=0.755, p< 0.001]. For each single unit of increase in the horizontal distance of the alveolar crest to the mandibular canal, dental panoramic radiographs showed 0.87 unit of overestimation [p< 0.001]
Conclusion: Dental panoramic radiographs can be employed safely in the pre-surgical phase of dental implantation in posterior alveolus of mandible, especially in routine and simple cases
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Statement of the Problem: Temporomandibular joint disorders [TMD] may show a poor correlation between their clinical findings and radiological characteristics
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the osseous alterations of temporomandibular joint [TMJ] in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects by employing cone beam computed tomography [CBCT] images
Materials and Method: In this study, CBCT images of 120 temporomandibular joints in 30 patients with TMJ disorder and 30 age- and sex-matched individuals without TMJ complaints were evaluated. Osteoarticular derangements of the joint were assessed by two experienced examiners. Data was statistically analyzed with SPSS software using chi-square test [p <0.05]
Results: Out of 120 CBCT images [60 in each group], at least one osseous change was observed in 90% and 86.7% joints in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, respectively. There were no significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects regarding frequency of osteoarticular changes including flattening [73.3% vs. 75%], irregularity [36.7% vs. 48.3%], sclerosis [20% vs. 8.3%], cyst [3.3% vs. 3.3%], erosion [13.3% vs. 21.7%], hypoplasia [3.3% vs. 5%], ankylosis [1.7% vs. Zero], osteophyte [43.3% vs. 40%], decrease joint space [3.3% vs. 3.3%], and increase joint space [5% vs. 5%]. [p> 0.05]
Conclusion: By employing CBCT as a modern diagnostic imaging tool, findings of this study revealed that the frequency of various temporomandibular joint alterations on CBCT images is comparable in patients with and without TMD complaints, suggesting that some people with TMJ structural damage may not display clinical manifestations. Moreover, CBCT imaging might not be necessary for TMD patients and more attention should be given to clinical examination
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Background: As depression is one of the common diseases in the world and because of the lack of proper response via usual medications, using electromagnet fields [EMF], as an alternative treatment, has become noticeable. Thus, in the present study, the effect of EMF with low frequencies was investigated on the treatment of depression
Materials and methods: The experimental study was carried out on 32 male mice [albino, mean weight of 30g] after their adaptation in animal house. The animals were classified into 4 groups [n=8]. All 4 groups were injected with high dose of reserpine [5 mg/kg] i.p. and from those, 3 groups exposed with EMF [10, 25, and 50 HZ frequencies, respectively, with intense 250 micro T] for one week, 30 minutes daily. In all 3 groups, the signs of depression [sedation, righting reflexes and swimming], diarrhea, eyes hemorrhage, and feet and hands hemorrhage were observed and compared with control group [those without exposing to EMFs]
Results: Reserpine-induced depression caused sedation, righting reflex disorders, swimming difficulty, diarrhea and eye bleeding. The sedation in 10 and 25 HZ was significantly decreased. EMF in all frequencies decreased sings significantly, particularly in 25 HZ frequency. In swimming, EMF with 10 Hz was the most effective frequency
Conclusion: The findings showed that using EMES in low frequency can reduce most signs of reserpine-induced depression
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Background: Phototherapy is believed to be a safe method for the management of hyperbilirubinemia. However, there are some controversial issues regarding the genotoxic effects of phototherapy on DNA. The aim of this study was to investigate morphologically both phototherapy-induced DNA double-strand breaks [DSBs] and apoptosis in lymphocytes derived from jaundiced and non-jaundiced neonates
Methods: Newborns were divided into three groups, including phototherapy-treated [PT, n=30] jaundiced newborns with total serum bilirubin [TSB] levels >15 mg/dl, non-treated jaundiced newborns [C+, n=27], as positive, as well as healthy negative [C-, n=30] controls with TSB levels ranging from 10 and 15 mg/dl and less than 5 mg/dl, respectively. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood samples by Ficoll-isopaque density gradient centrifugation and then assessed for DNA damage and apoptosis before and 24 hours after incubation at 37 degree C in 5% CO2 using the neutral comet assay
Results: DSB levels were significantly much higher in the PT group compared to the controls before incubation but decreased remarkably after the incubation period. As expected, no statistical differences were found between the two control groups before and after incubations. The frequency of apoptotic cells showed no significant differences among all the three groups before incubation; however, it was significantly increased in the PT group after incubation
Conclusion: It seems that phototherapy in jaundiced infants is able not only to induce apoptosis in newborn lymphocytes but also to affect indirectly DNA integrity
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Objectives: After birth asphyxia, a variety of hemodynamic disorders may be noted in the neonatal intensive care unit; these require appropriate recognition and management. The present study was designed to demonstrate the prevalence of heart complications amongst asphyxiated newborns
Methods: Through a cohort study, 29 asphyxiated term neonates were followed since birth until amelioration of pulmonary hypertension and compared with 31 well born neonates. Both groups were evaluated for their heart anatomy and hemodynamic with meticulous assessment through echocardiography. This study was conducted in Besat Medical Center since August 2010 until February 2012
Results: Hemodynamic and anatomic disorders including myocardial dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension and patent arterial duct [PDA] were strongly associated with birth asphyxia [P< 0.05]
Conclusion: Birth asphyxia was associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension which demands precise evaluation, early recognition and appropriate management
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Humains , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Maladies cardiovasculaires , Échocardiographie , Asphyxie , Nouveau-né , Unités de soins intensifs , Études de cohortes , Hypertension pulmonaireRésumé
Statement of the Problem: The most important risk factor for inferior alveolar nerve [IAN] damage is the proximity of the mandibular root apices to the alveolar canal. Failure to position the patient's head at standardized orientation during cone beam computed tomography [CBCT] scans might adversely affect the relative position of the alveolar canal and mandibular root apices with subsequent treatment failure
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of the orientations of the skull during the scanning procedure on the accuracy of CBCT images in determining the positional relationship of the mandibular tooth apices to the alveolar canal
Materials and Method: CBCT scans of 7 human dry skulls were obtained by using NewTom VGi CBCT in standard, tilt, flexion, extension and rotation positions of the head. The shortest radiographic distance between the mandibular tooth apices and the IAN canal of 20 points were measured on cross sectional images of CBCT in all position scans. A sample t-test was used to compare the measurements at different head position with the standard position values
Results: Significant differences were found in the measurements of normal and tilt orientations. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements in standard position and other deviated positions. The mean errors in all head positions were less than 0.5mm
Conclusion: Alteration of patient head positioning during CBCT scanning does not affect the relative position of the IAN and the apices of posterior teeth
Sujets)
Humains , Nerf mandibulaire , Apex de la racine de la dent , Processus alvéolaire , Mouvements de la tête , Position déclive , Positionnement du patientRésumé
Statement of the Problem: Temporomandibular disorder [TMD] is a clinical term used for clinical signs and symptoms that affect the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Surgical and non-surgical treatments can be used for management of TMD. Non-surgical route is the main part of the treatment, since clinicians prefer non-aggressive treatment for TMD such as pharmacological and physical therapy. Low-level laser therapy [LLLT] and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS] are the main procedures in physical therapy
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TENS and LLLT in treatment of TMD patients who did not respond to pharmacological therapy
Materials and Method: This clinical trial was performed on 45 patients who randomly received either TENS or LLLT for 8 sessions. LLLT was applied with diode laser [Ga-Al-As, 980nm, dose 5micro/cm[2]] and TENS by using two carbon electrodes with 75 Hz frequency [0.75 msec pulse width]
Helkimo index and visual analogue scale [VAS] were measured during the treatment period and throughout the follow-up sessions
Results: Significant reduction in the VAS and Helkimo index was observed in both TENS and LLLT group. There was no significant difference between the two methods during the treatment; however, TENS was more effective in pain reduction in follow-ups
Conclusion: This study justified the use of TENS therapy as well as LLLT in drug-resistant TMD. Both were useful in relieving the pain and muscles tenderness, although, TENS was more effective than LLLT
Sujets)
Humains , Neurostimulation électrique transcutanée/statistiques et données numériques , Photothérapie de faible intensité/statistiques et données numériques , Techniques de physiothérapie , Résistance aux substances , Douleur/rééducation et réadaptationRésumé
Objective: This study aimed to differentiate illness anxiety and generalized anxiety by the role of metacognition and intolerance of uncertainty
Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational study with an ex post facto design. The study population included all students of Yazd University, and the study sample comprised 400 healthy adult university students [Mean age=23.3 years, SD=4.9] who were selected using the convenience sampling method. Participants were asked to fill out 4 self-report measures: short health anxiety inventory, intolerance of uncertainty scale, metacognitions questionnaire, and Penn State Worry questionnaire. Finally, 338 questionnaires were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20, using ANOVA and discriminant function analysis
Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between different groups with respect to most studied variables and that intolerance of uncertainty cannot discriminate between 2 disorders. We can argue that this factor is a significant risk factor in both illness anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders
Conclusion: In general, transdiagnostic factors such as intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive beliefs have significant roles in emotional disorders, and can be considered as therapeutic targets
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Statement of the Problem: Finding a significant relationship between temporomandibular joint [TMJ] morphology and the incidence of temporomandibular dysfunction [TMD] may help early prediction and prevention of these problems
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the morphology of mandibular fossa and the articular eminence inclination in patients with TMD and in control group using cone beam computed tomography [CBCT]
Materials and Method: The CBCT data of bilateral TMJs of 40 patients with TMD and 23 symptom-free cases were evaluated. The articular eminence inclination, as well as the glenoid fossa depth and width of the mandibular fossa were measured. The paired t-test was used to compare these values between two groups
Results: The articular eminence inclination and glenoid fossa width and depth were significantly higher in patients with TMD than in the control group [p < 0.05]
Conclusion: The articular eminence inclination was steeper in patients with TMD than in the control group. Glenoid fossa width and depth were higher in patients with TMD than that in the control group. This information may shed light on the relationship between TMJ morphology and the incidence of TMD
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Statement of the Problem: Individuals with cleft lip and cleft palate mostly have airway problems. Introduction of cone beam computed tomography [CBCT] and imaging software has provided the opportunity for a more precisely evaluating 3D volume of the airway
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare 3D the pharyngeal airway volumes of cleft palate patients with normal individuals using CBCT
Materials and Method: 30 complete cleft palate patients were selected from the Department of Orthodontics; Dental University [Shiraz, Iran] who had CBCT scans of the head. The control group included 30 individuals with Class I angle occlusion who were matched for age and gender with the experimental group. ITK-SNAP 2.4.0 PC software was used to build 3D models of the airways for the subjects and measuring airway volumes. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software [version 19]. Mann-Whitney test was adopted with p< 0.05 as statistical significance
Results: The average volume of the pharyngeal airway of cleft group was 18.6 cm3, with mean volumes of 6.8 cm3 for the superior component and 11.3 cm3 for the inferior component. The total and superior airway volume of cleft group were significantly lower than non-cleft groups [p= 0.008, p= 0.00, respectively] but the inferior airway volumes were not significantly different between the cleft and non-cleft groups. There was a significant and positive correlation between superior airway volume and inferior airway volume in cleft palate patients [r=+0.786, p< 0.001] and control group [r=+0.575, p= 0.001]
Conclusion: 3D analysis showed that the nasal and total airway was restricted in individuals with cleft palate but the inferior airway was not compromised in these individuals. This would be a crucial data to be considered for surgeons during surgical planning
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Statement of the Problem: In orthognathic surgeries, proper condylar position is one of the most important factors in postoperative stability. Knowing the condylar movement after orthognathic surgery can help preventing postoperative instabilities
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the condylar positional changes after Le Fort I maxillary superior repositioning along with mandibular advancement by using cone beam computed tomography [CBCT]
Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 22 subjects who had class II skeletal malocclusion along with vertical maxillary excess. Subjects underwent maxillary superior repositioning [Le Fort I osteotomy] along with mandibular advancement. The CBCT images were taken a couple of days before the surgery [T0], and one month [T1] and 9 months [T2] after the surgery. The condyles positions were determined from the most superior point of the condyle to three distances including the deepest point of the glenoid fossa, the most anteriorinferior point of the articular eminence, and the most superior point of the external auditory meatus in the sagittal plane
Results: The mean mandibular advancement was 4.33 +/- 2.1 mm and the mean maxillary superior repositioning was 4.66 +/- 0.3 mm. The condyles displaced inferiorly, anteriorly, and laterally between T0 and T1. They were repositioned approximately in the initial position in T2. No correlation was observed between the mandibular and maxillary movement and the condylar positions
Conclusion: The condyles displaced in the inferior-anterior-lateral position one month after the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement in combination with the maxillary Le Fort I superior repositioning. It seems that the condyles adapted approximately in their initial position nine months after the surgeries
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Backgrounds and Objectives: Neck deep infections are potentially threatening life conditions which can occur while using broad spectrum antibiotics. Early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are essential in approaching these infections. As these infections are prevalent and there are difficulties in diagnosis and curing these infections and threatening morbidities they have, we decided to study the results of culture and anti-bio gram in these patients, for determination of these parameters, sensitivity, resistance of antibiotic used for these organisms and selection of appropriate antibiotic
Materials and Methods: In 100 patients admitted with a diagnosis of deep neck spaces infection between July 2008 and November 2012, pus was aspirated and sent to microbiology lab for gram staining, culture and anti-bio gram. Types of isolated bacteria and the sensitivity and resistance rate were defined
Results: In our study 100 patients with a diagnosis of deep neck spaces infection were studied. Average age was 33.8 +/- 13.43 years old. 65% were male, 4% had diabetes, 3% had the history of abscess/cellulitis, 3% had liver disease, 2% had the history of opiate addiction and 6% had the history of alcohol consumption. In 71% culture was negative and in 29% it was positive. 68.9% were gram positive cocci and 31.1% were gram negative bacilli. From 29 positive cultures, 13[44.8%] were Streptococcus Viridans, 5[17.2%] were Staphylococcus, 5[17.2%] were Klebsiella Pneumoniae, 2[6.9%] were beta hemolytic Streptococcus, 2 [6.9%] were Haemophilus Influenzae and 2[6.9%] were Entrobacter. Final diagnosis was peritonsillar abscess and cellulitis. In 22% the etiology was pharyngitis, in 18% was Odontogenic, in 5% were upper respiratory tract infections, in 2% was dermatologic infection and in 1% was foreign body. Etiology was unknown in 51% of the patients. The most sensitivity was to Vancomycin [100%], Imipenem [100%], Erythromycin [80%] and Levofloxacin [80%]. The less sensitivity was to Gentamycin [50%] and Penicillin G [28.6%]. There was no statistically significant relation between the culture results and demographic variants or patient's medical history
Conclusion: Deep neck infection is a life threatening disease. Antibiotics should be started after blood sampling for culture and antibiogram and continued according to antibiogram results. Beginning antibiotics before blood sampling will result in wrong findings in culture and antibiogram