Résumé
Oxidative stress is produced by the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) which involves mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria is one of the main sources of oxidative stress, as it utilizes the oxygen for the energy production. Overproduction of ROS, results in oxidative stress, which injures the cell structures, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Various oxidative events implicated in many diseases is due to oxidative stress which include alteration in mitochondrial proteins, mitochondrial lipids and mitochondrial DNA, which in turn leads to damage nerve cells as they are metabolically very active. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species at moderate concentrations also play roles in normal physiology of many processes like signalling pathways, induction of mitogenic response and in defence against infectious pathogens. Oxidative stress has been considered to be the main cause in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, which includes Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent research on the dysfunction and function of PD associated genes has provided new fundamental insights into biochemical pathways that are linked with the disease process This review includes source of free radical generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and the mechanism involved in neurodegenerative diseases which involves both PD as well as in AD. This makes the mitochondria, the main target of PD and AD research
Résumé
Advanced ceramic materials such as Zirconia have great potential as substitutes for traditional materials in many biomedical applications. Since the end of 1990’s, the form of partially stabilized zirconia has been promoted as suitable for dental use due to its excellent strength and superior fracture resistance as a result of its inherent transformation toughening. The purpose of this review is to know the evolution of zirconia as a biomaterial, to explore the materials physical, chemical, biological and optical properties of the material.
Résumé
The esthetic aspect of complete denture construction is increasingly occupying an important role in prosthodontics. Denture patients desire a brand of denture esthetics closely paralleling the ideal esthetic values of the third decade of life. Many pre-extraction records will guide selection of appropriate tooth mold for each individual. These include diagnostic casts, photographs, roentgenograms, extracted teeth etc. When no pre-extraction records are available; it is difficult to select an appropriate tooth mold that can reestablish the naturalness of the individual patient. In such a scenario, various facial measurements and proportions aid in the selection of appropriate artificial tooth dimensions. The “Golden proportion”, one of the building blocks of beauty, is one such guideline that can be applied to the profession of dentistry with assured success. The aim of present study is to find out which of the facial measurements are in golden ratio with anterior teeth and that can be used for artificial teeth selection
Résumé
Background : Currently, the health scenario is riddled with the burden of noncommunicable diseases. Aim : The aim of this study is to assess the awareness of school children regarding the risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Setting and Design : Three hundred and seventy-five school children, studying in classes 6 to 10, formed the study subjects. Materials and Methods : The school selected for the study was a government school, located in a rural area. The socioeconomic status of the children was mainly in the upper lower and lower class. Students from the 6 to 10 grades formed the study subjects and from among them, a random sample of 375 children were selected for the study. A close-ended questionnaire relating to 3 most commonly occurring NCDs, namely, Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was administered to the students. Statistical Analysis: Frequency and proportions were used to analyze the data. Results : It is found that awareness among the school children regarding lifestyle risk factors of NCDs is not satisfactory. The areas of least knowledge were found to be regarding passive smoking, early age at marriage, and reuse of cooking oil as risk factors for NCD. Conclusion : The study recommends the need for curriculum-based health education regarding the prevention aspects and motivation of the children to incorporate healthy lifestyle practices into their daily lives.