Biological characteristics and functions of NG2-glia / 生理学报

NG2-glia are a major type of glial cells that are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, they mainly differentiate into oligodendrocytes and contribute to the myelination of axons, so they are generally called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Emerging evidence suggests that NG2-glia not only act as the precursors of oligodendrocytes but also possess many other biological properties and functions. For example, NG2-glia can form synapse with neurons and participate in energy metabolism and immune regulation. Under pathological conditions, NG2-glia can also differentiate into astrocytes, Schwann cells and even neurons, which are involved in CNS injury and repair. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the biological characteristics and functions of NG2-glia under physiological and pathological conditions will be helpful for the treatment of CNS injury and disease. This article reviews the recent advances in the biological characteristics and functions of NG2-glia.

Structural, mechanistic and functional insights into topoisomerase II / 生理学报

Topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes that regulate the overwinding or underwinding of DNA helix during replication, transcription, recombination, repair, and chromatin remodeling. These enzymes perform topological transformations by providing a transient DNA break, through which the unique problems of DNA entanglement that occur owing to unwinding and rewinding of the DNA helix can be resolved. In mammals, topoisomerases are classified into two types, type I topoisomerase (Top1) and type II topoisomerase (Top2), depending on the number of strands cut in one round of action. Top1 induces single-strand breaks in DNA, and Top2 induces double-strand breaks. In cells from vertebrate species, there are two forms of Top2, designated alpha and beta. Top2α is involved in the cellular proliferation and pluripotency, while Top2β plays key roles in neurodevelopment. In this review, we cover recent advances in structural, mechanistic and functional insights into Top2.

Clinical study of tangential excision within 24 hours after burn with massive deepⅡdegree in treatment for eld-erly patients / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and inflammation of tangential excision within 24 hours after burn with massive deep Ⅱdegree burn wounds for elderly patients. Methods From Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2013, a total of 82 elderly patients with massive deepⅡdegree burn wounds were divided into the observation group ( giveing tangential excision within 24 hours after burn) and the control group ( giveing tangential excision within 3~5 d after burn) according the time of tangential excision treatment. The amount of infused fluid, u-rine, levels of serum inflammatory factors, survival rate of skin grafts, wound healing time, hospitalization time and the complications were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the amount of infused fluid, plasma and urine between the two groups in the first day and fifth day (P>0. 05). The levels of TNF-αsignificantly decreased after 3 days of therapy compared with the control group (P<0. 05). The levels of IL-6 significantly decreased and IL-10 significantly increased from the first day of therapy in the ob-servation group compared with the control group (P<0. 05). The survival rate of skin grafts in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and time of wound healing and hospitalization in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0. 05). The complication rate of the observation group was 11. 1% which was significantly lower than that in the control group 29. 7% (P<0. 05). Conclusion To treat burn with massive deepⅡdegree burn wounds for elderly patients with tangential excision within 24 hours which can effectively reduce the inflammatory, reduce wound infection and improve the success rate of skin grafting.