Histological Correlation of Karmans Endometrial Sampling with Dilation and Curettage in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

The study was done to compare the diagnostic efficacy of endometrial biopsy obtained by Karman suctioncannula with conventional D&C following TVS in patients with AUB. 100 patients of AUB presenting ingynaecology OPD were studied with history, examination, laboratory investigations, TVS, endometrial aspirationusing Karman cannula and endometrial curettage. It is concluded that endometrial aspiration is an effective,useful and minimally invasive procedure and can be used for the primary investigation of women with AUBalong with TVS.

A Rare Case of Syncephalus Thoracopagus Monster.

Conjoined twins are rare with an incidence of 1 in 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 births. They are always monozygotic and are more common in females (3:1). About 40 to 60 % are stillborn and another 35 % die within 24 hours after the delivery. We hereby Report a rare case Syncephalus Thoracopagus Monster.

Thyroid Profile In Menstrual Disorders.

To study the thyroid related complaints & thyroid function tests in women with DUB and to study the menstrual pattern in women with thyroid disease. Fifty patients of DUB (GP-A) in reproductive age group presenting with menstrual irregularities like menorrhagia, oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, hypomenorrhoea and polymenorrhoea were studied for thyroid profile and fifty thyroid patients were studied in endocrinology for menstrual patterns (GP-B). Out of 50 women (GP-A), hypothyroidism was detected in 11 (22%) and hyperthyroidism in 7 (14%). In Group-B 56 % of hypothyroid patients had disturbed menstrual cycles with associated problems and 62 % of hyperthyroid patients were found to have disturbed menstrual cycles ranging from menorrhagia to oligomenorrhoea to amenorrhoea. Thyroid function tests must be ordered in women presenting with DUB, to avoid unnecessary hormonal treatment and surgery in such patients.

Light Microscopic Study of The Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Showing Inherent Difference Between Anterior & Posterior Annulus Fibrosus - A Risk Factor For Posterior Disc Herniation.

The present study is based upon the light microscopic observations made on the foetuses to determine the structural discrepancy in anterior and posterior annulus fibrosus in the development of human foetal lumbar intervertebral disc. A morphological comparison of the structure of anterior and posterior annulus fibrosus was made to consider the arrangement of lamellar bundles. As the foetus advances in age, the anterior annulus fibrosus becomes thicker than the posterior annulus. A very intricate structure was observed in posterior annulus with large number of loose and discontinuous lamellar bundles and more fibre-interlacing angles. Loose connection of the lamellar bundles in posterior annulus of almost all the foetuses indicates an inherent weakness which may lead to posterior rupture of the disc in later life.