The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization and automated image cytometry in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the application of automated DNA image cytometry (ICM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2008 to March 2009, 60 volunteers with informed consent were divided into two groups, 40 patients proven as urothelial carcinoma of bladder by pathology and 20 healthy individuals as control. Urine was collected and tested by cytology, ICM and FISH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall sensitivity of FISH was significantly higher in detection of malignancy than that of ICM (82.5% vs 62.5%, P < 0.05) and that of urine cytology (82.5% vs 25.0%, P < 0.05), while ICM was more sensitive to diagnose urothelial carcinoma of bladder than urine cytology (62.5% vs 25.0%, P < 0.05). Specificities of urine cytology, ICM and FISH were 100% in diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder (P > 0.05). Sensitivities of urine cytology, ICM and FISH have no correlation with pathological stage (P > 0.05), but have significant correlation with grade (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ICM and FISH have the same specificity as urine cytology in diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder, but they have significantly higher sensitivity than urine cytology. FISH has the highest sensitivity among three diagnostic methods. Therefore, FISH may become a newly non-invasive technique for the diagnosis and surveillance of urothelial carcinoma of bladder.</p>

Expression of fractalkine and its receptor in acute cardiac allografts rejection / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of fractalkine (FKN) and its receptor CX3CR1 in cardiac allografts and the effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three groups of rats underwent heterotopic cardiac transplantation, 45 cases in each group and 5 cases in control group: SD to SD regarded as isograft group (group A), Wistar to SD divided into CsA untreated allograft group (group B) and CsA treated allograft group (group C), normal SD rats as control group. The FKN mRNA expression was detected by one-step RT-PCR method and the expression of FKN and CX3CR1 protein was detected by standard ABC immunohistochemical technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of FKN mRNA and protein was weak in both isografts and normal heart specimens. The changes of FKN mRNA expression were correlated with the process of acute allograft rejection. The peak of FKN mRNA expression (0.8 +/- 0.26) appeared on the seventh day after transplantation, which could be down-regulated by CsA significantly (t = 2.390, P < 0.05). FKN protein was located in endothelia cells and its receptor CX3CR1 was located in infiltrating mononuclear cells in allografts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Upregulation of FKN and its receptor was significantly correlated with the trafficking of mononuclear cells which play an important role in acute allograft rejection. It may be one of the important mechanisms of CsA to intervene the acute rejection by inhibiting the activation of the FKN-CX3CR1 pathway.</p>