Application of machine learning in individualized medication of tacrolimus in patients with nephrotic syndrome / 药学实践与服务

Tacrolimus is a commonly used medication for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. Due to its narrow therapeutic window and significant pharmacokinetic differences among individuals, therapeutic drug monitoring is required during its clinical use. In the process of therapeutic drug monitoring, machine learning-based personalized dosing prediction models for tacrolimus can excavate medication patterns from a large amount of clinical data, assist in clinical decision-making, and achieve individualized precise medication. Machine learning models, the application progress of machine learning in personalized administration of tacrolimus for patients with nephrotic syndrome, modeling points of machine learning prediction models, and the limitations of current prediction models were reviewed in this paper, which could provide references for future research in this field.

Quantification of neomangiferin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to bioavailability study$ / 药物分析学报

Neomangiferin, a natural C-glucosyl xanthone, has recently received a great deal of attention due to its multiple biological activities. In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chroma-tography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for the quantification of neomangiferin in rat plasma was developed. Using chloramphenicol as an internal standard (IS), plasma samples were subjected to a direct protein precipitation process using methanol (containing 0.05% formic acid). Quan-tification was performed by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) method, with the transitions of the parent ions to the product ions of m/z 583.1-330.9 for NG and m/z 321.1-151.9 for IS. The assay was shown to be linear over the range of 0.2–400 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.2 ng/mL. Mean recovery of neomangiferin in plasma was in the range of 97.76%–101.94%. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day precision were both o 10%. The accuracy of the method ranged from 94.20%to 108.72%. This method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of neomangiferin after intravenous (2 mg/kg) and intragastric (10 mg/kg) administration for the first time. The oral absolute bioavailability of neomangiferin was estimated to be 0.53%7 0.08%with an elimination half-life (t1/2) value of 2.74 7 0.92 h, indicating its poor absorption and/or strong metabolism in vivo.