Role of height of an individual and low lying pubic tubercle as risk factors of inguinal hernia: case controlled study

Background: Hernia is defined as abnormal protrusion of whole or a part of a viscus through the wall that contains it. Among all external abdominal hernias, inguinal hernia is one most typically encountered. Many factors are responsible for the formation of hernia. We intended to study the risk of inguinal hernia in low lying pubic tubercle. Methods: The study was conducted on patients in AJIMS, India. It is a case-control study with 80 cases and 80 control meeting inclusion criteria, in all patients, following parameters SS line, ST line, height, weight was recorded and evaluated. Results: The average SS value for case which was much above the average in control.ST value was higher case group than control group, and p<0.0001 which was significant. when it comes to the mean of (SS/ST ratio)/height was higher in the case group than control group. Results developed show majority of the subjects with a low-lying pubic tubercle were inguinal hernia patients. Conclusions: Based on my study, interspinal distance (SS line) and pubo-spinal distance (ST line) are more in cases compared to control. Configuration of bony pelvis seems to be a major contributing factor in determining the risk of development of inguinal hernia as evidenced by the variations in ST length. This low-lying pubic tubercle is very important before selecting the patient for any surgical correction. So, the proper demonstration of anatomy of inguinal region is very important before selecting the surgical technique.

Dopamine levels in human tear fluid

Purpose: To determine the levels of dopamine in tear fluid and demonstrate the use of tear fluid as a non-invasive source for dopamine measurements in humans. Methods: The study cohort included 30 clinically healthy individuals without any pre-existing ocular or systemic conditions. Matched tear fluid (using Schirmer's strips and capillary tubes) and plasma were collected from the subjects. Dopamine levels were evaluated using direct competitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dopamine kit (Cloud Clone Corp, TX, USA). Results: Significantly higher dopamine levels were found in the tear fluid compared to plasma in the study subjects. The level of dopamine was 97.2 ± 11.80 pg/ml (mean ± SEM), 279 ± 14.8 pg/ml (mean ± SEM), and 470.4 ± 37.64 pg/ml (mean ± SEM) in the plasma and in the tears collected using Schirmer's strips and capillary tubes, respectively. Conclusion: Dopamine was detectable in all the tear fluid samples tested and was also found to be at a higher concentration than in plasma samples. Tear fluid can be used as a non-invasive sample source to monitor dopamine levels.

A comparative study of oral manifestations of HIV among pediatric patients

Introduction: The HIV pandemic has become a human, social as well as economic disaster, with far reaching inferences for individuals, communities and countries. The distribution of some of the specific oral manifestations is reported to differ between adults and children. Thus, the present study was carried to compare the oral manifestations in HIV positive children and HIV negative children. Materials and methods: The present study comprised a total of 90 subjects, divided into 3 groups, 30 HIV positive pediatric patients with HAART, 30 HIV positive pediatric patients without HAART and 30 healthy controls (HIV negative patients). The present study was conducted in the ART centre in Ranchi, Chattisgarh, India. The details to be taken from these children for subsequent analysis include age, CD4+ T cell count and oral lesions. Chi- square test was used to compare the lesions with Pvalue of 0.05 or less was considered for statistical significance and a P-value of 0.02 or less was considered for statistical highly significance. Results: Statistical analysis showed that patients with low CD4+ T cell counts (Group IA) had more number of lesions when compared to the patients with higher CD4 T cell count (Group IB). Dutta N, Gupta VK, Shetty R, Roy A, Dani G, Pandey V. A comparative study of oral manifestations of HIV among pediatric patients. IAIM, 2016; 3(5): 46-52. Page 47 According to individual lesion percentage distribution, it was observed that except hyperpigmentation most of the other lesions where more prevalent in group II than in group I. Mucocele was seen in group III and was not seen in group I and II. Dental caries was prevalent in all the three groups. Conclusion: HIV infected patients receiving HAART, had a significantly lower prevalence of oral lesion as compared to patients without HAART therapy

Cytomorphometric analysis of oral squames Tobacco Smokers using oral brush biopsy: An exfoliative cytological study

Background: Tobacco is mostly regarded as one of the primary etiologic factor in causing oral cancer. Literature quotes studies have depicted the alteration of nuclear (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) induced by tobacco smoking and chewing. Also some authors have stressed on quantifying the role of cytomorphometric analysis in analysing these cellular alterations. Therefore, we evaluated the cytological and cytomorphometric changes in the oral squames using brush biopsy from buccal mucosa of tobacco users. Materials and methods: 200 patients of age group of 40-65 years attending the hospital OPD with history of smoking were included in the study. The patients were broadly divided into two groups; Shetty R, Mukherjee S, Dutta N, Bhagat DK, Sushma K N, Pandey V. Cytomorphometric analysis of oral squames Tobacco Smoker’s using oral brush biopsy: An exfoliative cytological study. IAIM, 2016; 3(5): 14-19. Page 15 smokers (n=150) and Non-smokers (n=50). The cytological samples were taken from clinically normal appearing oral mucosa, stained and analysed using Image analysing software. IndependentSamples T Test and One-Way ANOVA were used to assess the level of significance. Results: significant increase in Mean NA was observed in smokers as compared to non-smokers. Also, Mean CA decreased in smoker’s group as compared to non-smokers. Likewise, N/C ratio was found to be significantly elevated in smokers group. Cytomorphometric parameter changes showed significant alteration with increasing duration of smoking. Conclusion: Cytomorhometric analysis can be used to analyse the alterations occurring in cellular and nuclear level.

Frontal convexity primary lymphoma masquerading meningioma: a case report and review of literature.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skull with extra- and intracranial extension without systemic or skeletal manifestation in a nonimmunocompromised patient is extremely rare. These lesions often cause difficulty in diagnosis because they mimic other conditions. We report a case of primary lymphoma involving scalp, skull vault, meninges and invading the brain parenchyma and masquerading clinically and radiologically as a meningioma.

Nasopalatine duct cyst.

Nasopalatine duct cyst is an intraossseous developmental cyst of the midline of the anterior palate. Management of a case of nasopalatine duct cyst in a 10 yr old male child is reported.

Profile of animal bite cases in Pune.

A Cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the profile of animal bite cases reporting to the Anti Rabies clinic of Sassoon Hospital, rune. The data was collected using pretested questionnaire. All 250 cases who reported during the period of study were included in the analysis. The male female ratio was 1.98 : 1. Children in the age group 0-14 years were the victims in 132 (52.8%) cases. Dog was the biting animal in 94.4% cases, followed by cat (2.4%), Jackal (1.2%), mongoose (1.2%), monkey (0.4%) and horse (0.4%). Of the 236 dog bite cases 30% of bites were inflicted by pet dogs of which only 38.02% were immunized. The wound was washed with soap and water in only 3.6% of cases. 64.8% of the bites were on the lower extremity and 63.2% of cases reported within 24 hours of the bite. Of the 247 cases administered Beta Propio Lactone (BPL) inactivated vaccine only 18.8% did not have any local reaction and 58.3% had one or more systemic reaction. A three pronged strategy has been recommended to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with rabies.

Randomised controlled trial of topical butenafine in tinea cruris and tinea corporis.

Butenafine is a new antifungal agent similar to allyl amine antifungals. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 75 patients to compare its efficacy with clotrimazole in tinea cruris and corporis that was diagnosed on clinical features and demonstration of hyphae in a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation. Twenty patients treated with butenafine once daily for 2 weeks and 20 treated with clotrimazole twice daily for 4 weeks were analysed. At the end of treatment, 2 weeks and 4 weeks later, the KOH preparation was negative in 90.9%, 95.5% and 90.9% of patients respectively in the butenafine group and 100%, 96.4% and 92.85% respectively in the clotrimazole group. There was a reduction of 81.5% in the sign and symptom score at 4 weeks following treatment in the butenafine group and 85.93% in the clotrimazole group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Adverse effects were mild in both groups and did not require discontinuation of therapy except one patient treated with clotrimazole who developed dermatitis at the site of application. Butenafine appears to be as effective as clotrimazole in the treatment of tinea cruris and corporis while requiring a single daily application for a shorter of 2 weeks.