Effects of Age at First Childbirth and Other Factors on Central Obesity in Postmenopausal Women: The 2013–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Waist circumference is one of the key components of metabolic syndrome. Recent studies demonstrated that the reproductive profile was associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. This study focused on the association between central obesity and age at first childbirth. It also considered other factors associated with central obesity in postmenopausal women. METHODS: This study was based on the 2013–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and involved 3,143 naturally postmenopausal women. These women were divided into three groups according to their age at first childbirth: 19 years or younger (n=252), 20–29 years (n=2,695), and 30 years or older (n=196). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of various reproductive factors, including other confounding factors. RESULTS: During adjustment for confounding factors, in the early age at first childbirth group, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for central obesity decreased. In the final model, younger age at first childbirth was not significantly related to central obesity (waist circumference more than 85 cm) in naturally postmenopausal women after adjusting for other confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Younger age at first childbirth was not significantly associated with central obesity after adjustment for confounding factors.

Epidural anesthetic management of achondroplastic parturient dwarf undergoing cesarean section: A case report

Achondroplasia is the most common non-lethal skeletal dysplasia. Underdevelopment and premature ossification of bones result in characteristic craniofacial and spinal abnormalities. Achondroplastic dwarfs have low fertility rates and require delivery by cesarean section due to their cephalo-pelvic disproportion. Controversy exists regarding the ideal anesthesia for an achondroplastic parturient dwarf for urgent cesarean section. Anesthesia, whether general or regional, presents many potential problems during cesarean section. We report the experience of the epidural anesthesia in an achondroplastic dwarf undergoing elective cesarean section.